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Application of Nutrigenomics in Eye Health

机译：营养基因组学在眼保健中的应用

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This paper reviews recent findings on the implication of nutritional and genetic factors in age-related eye diseases: age-related macular degeneration (AMD; a degenerative disease of the retina) and cataract (opacification of the lens). Because of direct exposure to light, the eye is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, C or zinc, clearly have a protective effect in AMD and probably in cataract. In addition, two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, may play a more specific role in the eye: they accumulate in the retina, where they form the macular pigment, and in the lens. Their role is probably to filter out pho-totoxic blue light and to quench singlet oxygen. Finally, docosahexaenoic acid (an wa-—3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is particularly important for the retina, where it exerts structural, functional and protective actions. Besides, these diseases are strongly influenced by genetics, as demonstrated by familial and twin studies. The apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated with a reduced risk of AMD, while an association of AMD with complement factor H polymorphism has recently been demonstrated. Nutrigenomics, by studying the interactions between genetic variability and nutritional factors, representsa new challenge in order to account for interindividual variations in disease susceptibility. Such potential interactions are presented.
机译：本文回顾了与年龄相关的眼病有关的营养和遗传因素的最新发现：年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD;视网膜变性疾病）和白内障（晶状体混浊）。由于直接暴露在光线下，眼睛对氧化应激特别敏感。维生素E，C或锌等抗氧化剂显然对AMD以及白内障具有保护作用。另外，两种类胡萝卜素，叶黄素和玉米黄质，可能在眼睛中起更具体的作用：它们聚集在视网膜中，形成黄斑色素，并在晶状体中。它们的作用可能是过滤掉有毒的蓝光并猝灭单线态氧。最后，二十二碳六烯酸（一种wa-3多不饱和脂肪酸）对视网膜特别重要，在视网膜中它发挥结构，功能和保护作用。此外，正如家族和双生子研究所证明的，这些疾病受到遗传学的强烈影响。载脂蛋白E4等位基因与AMD风险降低相关，而近来已证明AMD与补体因子H多态性相关。通过研究遗传变异性和营养因素之间的相互作用，营养基因组学提出了一个新的挑战，以解决疾病易感性的个体差异。提出了这种潜在的相互作用。

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