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Fish community responses and the temporal dynamics of recovery following river habitat restorations in Europe

机译：欧洲河流栖息地恢复后鱼类群落的反应和恢复的时间动态

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Considerable uncertainty exists regarding the ability of reach-scale habitat restorations to promote ecological integrity and affect community composition in degraded streams and rivers and the time scales at which these effects take place. Restoration of habitats on the reach scale (hundreds of meters to a few kilometers) is expected to support threatened species because many of them are habitat specialists. In contrast, generalist species are predicted to be replaced in restored reaches. We used a large data set for 62 reach-scale restoration projects in 51 stream systems in Germany, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein and analyzed the changes in fish community composition induced by the restorations in terms of species richness, species turnover, Brillouin diversity index, total fish abundance, and proportion of alien and endangered species. We further analyzed the temporal dynamics of the fish community recovery over a period of 19 y postrestoration. Species richness and Brillouin diversity index increased in most of the restoration projects (66 and 57%, respectively), but recovery to historical reference conditions was not achieved. Total abundance was enhanced by most of the projects. Species composition in restored reaches underwent directed shifts for at least 10 y, with high and variable species turnover in the first years that decreased over time. The effects of restoration on Brillouin diversity index were highly variable in the first few years after restoration, but tended to increase over time. These dynamics must be considered more carefully in future protocols for evaluating restoration results, and final evaluation of restoration outcomes on fish communities should not be made too early. Our results indicate that reach-scale habitat restorations may be a suitable tool for increasing local fish abundance and slightly enhancing species diversity. However, more targeted approaches are needed to support threatened species and repress alien species.
机译：关于达到范围的生境恢复能力以促进生态完整性并影响退化的河流和河流中的社区组成以及发生这些影响的时间尺度，存在很大的不确定性。恢复栖息地规模（几百米到几公里）有望支持濒危物种，因为其中许多是栖息地专家。相反，预计通才物种将在恢复的河段中被替换。我们使用大量数据对德国，瑞士和列支敦士登的51个溪流系统中的62个触及范围恢复项目进行了分析，并从物种丰富度，物种更新，布里渊多样性指数，总和等方面分析了恢复所引起的鱼类群落组成的变化。鱼的数量以及外来物种和濒危物种的比例。我们进一步分析了恢复后19年内鱼类群落恢复的时间动态。在大多数恢复项目中，物种丰富度和布里渊多样性指数增加（分别为66％和57％），但未恢复到历史参考条件。大多数项目提高了总丰度。恢复期的物种组成至少经历了10年的定向变化，头几年的物种周转率高而易变，随时间而减少。恢复对布里渊多样性指数的影响在恢复后的最初几年内变化很大，但随着时间的推移趋于增加。在评估恢复结果的未来方案中必须更加仔细地考虑这些动态，并且对鱼类群落恢复结果的最终评估不应太早。我们的结果表明，达到范围的栖息地恢复可能是增加当地鱼类丰度和略微提高物种多样性的合适工具。但是，需要采取更有针对性的方法来支持受威胁物种并压制外来物种。

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