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Cryopreservation of Potato Shoot Tips

机译：马铃薯笋尖的冷冻保存

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摘要

Potato is one of the most important staple crops in both developed and developing countries of the world. Potato genetic resources are a prerequisite for potato breeding in both conventional and genetic engineering programmes. Cryopreservation has long been considered an ideal means for the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. This review provides comprehensive information on variously novel cryogenic techniques that have been developed since 1990. Factors affecting the success of Cryopreservation of potato shoot tips are analyzed and discussed. Evidence of morphological and molecular analysis demonstrates that plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips are genetically stable. Efficient elimination of potato viruses by cryotherapy of shoot tips provides an alternative method for virus elimination. Thus, the materials can be simultaneously prepared for virus elimination and long-term preservation. Routine application of Cryopreservation of shoot tips for the long-term preservation of potato genetic resources has already started in Germany, Peru, Czech Republic and Korea. Species- and cultivar-specificity has to be taken into account for much wider application when cryo-protocols are to be developed. Fundamental studies on mechanisms by which potato shoot tips withstand freezing in liquid nitrogen would help solve this problem.
机译：马铃薯是世界发达国家和发展中国家中最重要的主粮之一。在常规和基因工程计划中，马铃薯遗传资源都是马铃薯育种的先决条件。长期以来，低温保存一直被认为是植物遗传资源长期保存的理想手段。这篇综述提供了自1990年以来已开发出的各种新颖的低温技术的全面信息。分析和讨论了影响马铃薯嫩芽冷冻保存成功的因素。形态和分子分析的证据表明，从低温保存的芽梢再生的植物在遗传上是稳定的。通过茎尖的冷冻疗法有效消除马铃薯病毒，提供了另一种消除病毒的方法。因此，可以同时制备用于消除病毒和长期保存的材料。在德国，秘鲁，捷克共和国和韩国，已经开始常规应用芽尖端的低温保存来长期保存马铃薯遗传资源。当要开发低温协议时，必须考虑物种和品种的特异性，才能广泛应用。关于马铃薯芽尖承受液氮冻结的机理的基础研究将有助于解决这一问题。

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