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Potato Apyrase: A New Tool for Parasitic Disease Research

机译：马铃薯过磷酸酶：寄生虫病研究的新工具

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摘要

Recent investigations on Solatium tuberosum (potato) apyrase, a protein of biomedical interest, are presented along with a discussion on the possible biological application for the study of interactions between parasites and the host immune system. Potato apyrase (PA), one of the first proteins of the ATP diphosphohydrolase family to be purified, has immunostimulatory properties. Polyclonal antibodies against PA show strong cross-immunoreactivity with native ATP diphosphohydrolase isoforms isolated from either Schistosoma mansoni egg and worm or Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes. These results were confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays in which antibodies against different PA isoforms, immobilized on Sepharose-Protein A, depleted the ATPase and ADPase activities from parasite preparations. The data suggested that potato and parasite proteins share specific epitopes. Furthermore, sera from both experimentally infected-mice and patients showed cross-immunoreactivity with PA, which also suggests that the antigenicity of these conserved epitopes exits. Distinct humoral immune response profiles of IgG antibodies from American cutaneous leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and Chagas disease patients, associated with the distinct life-cyclesof the parasites. Presumably, these antigens are processed and presented to effectors cells from the host immune system by different pathways. In silico studies demonstrated evolutionary and close structural relationships between PA and parasites ATP diphosphohydrolases. Specific protein domains were suggested to be potentially involved in the host immune response. Schistosomes may live for several years in the host, evading hemostatic and immune responses. Leishmanias can persist at the scar after clinical cure for long time. Further studies of both parasite and PA conserved domains could contribute to a better understanding of host-parasite interactions, and may to be explored as a new tool in parasitic disease research.
机译：介绍了对马铃薯（马铃薯）磷酸腺苷三磷酸酶（一种具有生物医学意义的蛋白质）的最新研究，并讨论了用于研究寄生虫与宿主免疫系统之间相互作用的可能的生物学应用。马铃薯腺苷三磷酸酶（PA）是要纯化的ATP二磷酸水解酶家族的首批蛋白质之一，具有免疫刺激特性。抗PA的多克隆抗体与从曼氏血吸虫卵和虫或利什曼原虫（Leishmania）Amazon amazonensis promastigotes分离的天然ATP二磷酸水解酶同工型显示出强大的交叉免疫反应性。这些结果通过免疫沉淀测定法得到证实，其中固定在琼脂糖蛋白A上的针对不同PA同种型的抗体耗尽了寄生虫制剂的ATP酶和ADP酶活性。数据表明马铃薯和寄生虫蛋白质共享特定的表位。此外，来自实验感染小鼠和患者的血清均显示与PA的交叉免疫反应活性，这也表明这些保守表位的抗原性存在。来自美国皮肤利什曼病，血吸虫病和恰加斯病患者的IgG抗体的独特体液免疫应答谱，与寄生虫的独特生命周期相关。据推测，这些抗原通过不同途径被加工并从宿主免疫系统呈递给效应细胞。计算机研究表明，PA和寄生虫ATP二磷酸水解酶之间存在进化和紧密的结构关系。建议特定的蛋白质结构域可能参与宿主免疫反应。血吸虫可能在宿主中存活数年，逃避了止血和免疫反应。利什曼原虫病可在临床治愈后长期持续在疤痕上。对寄生虫和PA保守域的进一步研究可能有助于更好地理解宿主-寄生虫的相互作用，并有可能作为寄生虫疾病研究中的新工具进行探索。

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