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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >Lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi revisited: foraging strategies and novel lineages revealed by sequences from belowground.
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Lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi revisited: foraging strategies and novel lineages revealed by sequences from belowground.

机译：重新研究了外生菌根真菌的血统：地下的序列揭示了觅食策略和新的血统。

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In the fungal kingdom, the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis has evolved independently in multiple groups that are referred to as lineages. A growing number of molecular studies in the fields of mycology, ecology, soil science, and microbiology generate vast amounts of sequence data from fungi in their natural habitats, particularly from soil and roots. However, as the number and diversity of sequences has increased, it has become increasingly difficult to accurately identify the fungal species in these samples and to determine their trophic modes. In particular, there has been significant controversy regarding which fungal groups form ectomycorrhizas, the morphological "exploration types" that these fungi form on roots, and the ecological strategies that they use to obtain nutrients. To address this problem, we have synthesized the phylogenetic and taxonomic breadth of EcM fungi by using the wealth of accumulated sequence data. We also compile available information about exploration types of 143 genera of EcM fungi (including 67 new reports) that can be tentatively used to help infer the ecological strategies of different fungal groups. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA ITS and LSU sequences enabled us to recognize 20 novel lineages of EcM fungi. Most of these are rare and have a limited distribution. Five new lineages occur exclusively in tropical and subtropical habitats. Altogether 46 fungal genera were added to the list of EcM fungal taxa and we anticipate that this number will continue to grow rapidly as taxonomic works segregate species-rich genera into smaller, monophyletic units. Three genera were removed from the list of EcM groups due to refined taxonomic and phylogenetic information. In all, we suggest that EcM symbiosis has arisen independently in 78-82 fungal lineages that comprise 251-256 genera. The EcM fungal diversity of tropical and southern temperate ecosystems remains significantly understudied and we expect that these regions are most likely to reveal additional EcM taxa
机译：在真菌王国中，外生菌根（EcM）共生在称为血统的多个组中独立发展。在真菌学，生态学，土壤科学和微生物学领域，越来越多的分子研究从其自然生境中的真菌，尤其是土壤和根中产生了大量的序列数据。然而，随着序列数量和多样性的增加，准确鉴定这些样品中的真菌种类并确定其营养模式变得越来越困难。特别是，关于哪些真菌基团形成根外菌丛，这些真菌在根上形成的形态“探索类型”以及它们用于获取营养的生态策略方面存在着重大争议。为了解决这个问题，我们使用大量积累的序列数据合成了EcM真菌的系统发育和分类学广度。我们还汇编了有关143属EcM真菌的勘探类型的可用信息（包括67个新报告），可暂时用于帮助推断不同真菌群体的生态策略。核糖体DNA ITS和LSU序列的系统发生分析使我们能够识别20种新的EcM真菌谱系。这些大多数都不多见，并且分布有限。五个新谱系仅在热带和亚热带生境中出现。共有46个真菌属增加到EcM真菌类群的列表中，随着分类学工作将物种丰富的属分离为较小的单种单位，我们预计该数量将继续快速增长。由于精确的分类学和系统发育信息，从EcM组列表中删除了三个属。总之，我们建议EcM共生在包含251-256属的78-82真菌谱系中独立发生。对热带和南部温带生态系统的EcM真菌多样性的研究仍显着不足，我们预计这些地区最有可能揭示其他EcM分类群

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