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Mating-type genes and hyphal fusions in filamentous basidiomycetes

机译：丝状担子菌的交配型基因和菌丝融合

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In the filamentous basidiomycetes Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune, mating is regulated by the tetrapolar mating-type system consisting of two unlinked genetic complexes, named A and B. In the nineties, the molecular structure of A and B mating type loci and genes was revealed side by side in C. cinerea and S. commune, first the A complex and quite soon thereafter the B complex genes. The clear molecular structure of C. cinerea mating type genes has led to their use as models for genomic approaches to investigate several other filamentous basidiomycetes. In filamentous fungi, hyphal fusions are important for the distribution of available nutrients in a fungal colony. In ascomycetes and basidiomycetes they are also important for sexual reproduction. These aspects have been approached, especially in filamentous ascomycetes, but in filamentous basidiomycetes the role of fusions in the fungal life cycle has received less attention. Several proteins encoded by the genes required for hyphal fusion in filamentous ascomycetes show homology with proteins forming the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex in eukaryotic cells. Homologs to the genes encoding STRIPAK complex proteins can be identified in C. cinerea and S. commune genomes suggesting that a STRIPAK-like complex could also regulate hyphal fusions of filamentous basidiomycetes. The STRIPAK complex is a conserved signaling complex also homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Far complex involved in cell cycle arrest at yeast mating, while the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe SIP complex is involved in transition signaling from mitosis to cytoldnesis. In filamentous basidiomycetes the signaling pathway regulated by the B mating type genes, the pheromone response pathway, is assumed to follow the same pattern as in the yeast S. cerevisiae. This poses an interesting question as to the relationship between the STRIPAK complex proteins and the proteins in cellular processes such as cell cycle, septal dissolution, nuclear migration, clamp cell development and fusion, known to take place after hyphal fusions. All these processes are also dependent on the activation of the B and A mating type pathways in C. cinerea and S. commune. (C) 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在丝状担子菌灰粉菌和裂殖酵母中，交配是由四极交配型系统调控的，该系统由两个未连接的遗传复合体（分别为A和B）组成。在90年代，揭示了A和B交配型基因座和基因的分子结构。在灰葡萄孢菌和葡萄球菌中并排排列，首先是A复合体，然后是B复合体基因。 C.cinerea交配型基因的清晰分子结构导致它们被用作研究其他几种丝状担子菌的基因组方法的模型。在丝状真菌中，菌丝融合对于真菌菌落中可用营养素的分布很重要。在子囊菌和担子菌中，它们对于有性生殖也很重要。已经研究了这些方面，尤其是在丝状子囊菌中，但是在丝状担子菌中，融合在真菌生命周期中的作用受到的关注较少。由丝状子囊菌中的菌丝融合所需的基因编码的几种蛋白质与真核细胞中形成构成相互作用蛋白的磷酸酶和激酶（STRIPAK）复合物的蛋白质具有同源性。编码STRIPAK复合蛋白的基因的同源物可以在灰葡萄和S. com.une基因组中鉴定，这表明STRIPAK样复合物也可以调节丝状担子菌的菌丝融合。 STRIPAK复合物是一种保守的信号复合物，也与酿酒酵母Far复合物同源，参与酵母交配时的细胞周期停滞，而裂变酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe SIP复合物则参与从有丝分裂到细胞分裂的过渡信号传导。在丝状担子菌中，由B交配型基因调节的信号传导途径，即信息素应答途径，被认为遵循与酿酒酵母中相同的模式。关于STRIPAK复合蛋白与细胞过程中的蛋白之间的关系，这是一个有趣的问题，例如菌丝融合后发生的细胞周期，间隔溶解，核迁移，钳位细胞发育和融合。所有这些过程还依赖于灰葡萄和葡萄球菌中B和A交配型途径的激活。 （C）2015英国Mycological Society。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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