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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Animal Science >Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: a survey.
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Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: a survey.

机译：乳品饲料和粪肥氮管理中的生态区域和农场规模差异：一项调查。

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摘要

This paper describes the activity of dairy farmers in Canada in 2005 related to the use of nitrogen (N) and especially practices that led to loss of ammonia (NH3). The data were obtained from a large-scale, statistically structured survey conducted across Canada. The survey sampling was stratified into 10 Ecoregions and across farm size. Numbers of lactating cows per farm were nearly twofold more in the west than the east. In western Canada less than 31% of barns were "tie-stall" type whereas 80% were tie-stall in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The numbers of hours lactating cows spent in barns, standing yards, exercise fields and pasture varied with Ecoregion and farm size, important data in relation to NH3 emissions. Pasturing was more common in the east than west. Matching feed crude protein concentrations to physiological needs seems a potential best management practice, and smaller farms with tie-stalls seemed more prone to adjusting feed to individual cows compared with large farms with loose housing. Manure handling was divided, with slurry prominent especially in the west. Manure spreading practices also varied by Ecoregion. Overall, it is clear that national averages do not well represent dairy farm management: Ecoregion and farm size differences are significant.
机译：本文介绍了2005年加拿大奶农的活动与氮（N）的使用有关，特别是导致氨气损失（NH 3 ）的做法。数据来自加拿大各地进行的大规模统计结构调查。调查抽样被划分为10个生态区域和整个农场规模。每个农场的奶牛数量在西部几乎是东部的两倍。在加拿大西部，只有不到31％的谷仓为“平摊”类型，而圣劳伦斯低地地区则为80％。泌乳母牛在谷仓，站立场，运动场和牧场中度过的小时数随生态区和农场规模而变化，这是与NH 3 排放有关的重要数据。牧草在东部比西部更普遍。使饲料中的粗蛋白浓度与生理需求相匹配似乎是一种潜在的最佳管理方法，与大型农场相比，拥有散棚的小型农场似乎更倾向于调整个体母牛的饲料。粪便处理方法各有不同，尤其是在西部，泥浆突出。粪便传播的做法也因生态区域而异。总体而言，很明显，全国平均水平不能很好地代表奶牛场的管理：生态区和农场规模差异很大。

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