Sexual and asexual (apomictic) seed development in flowering plants: molecular, morphological and evolutionary relationships. (Special Issue: Charles Darwin's plant biology.)

Tucker M. R.; Koltunow A. M. G.

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Sexual and asexual (apomictic) seed development in flowering plants: molecular, morphological and evolutionary relationships. (Special Issue: Charles Darwin's plant biology.)

机译：有性和无性（无融合生殖）种子在开花植物中的发育：分子，形态和进化关系。（特刊：查尔斯·达尔文的植物生物学。）

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Reproduction in the flowering plants (angiosperms) is a dynamic process that relies upon the formation of inflorescences, flowers and eventually seed. Most angiosperms reproduce sexually by generating gametes via meiosis that fuse during fertilisation to initiate embryo and seed development, thereby perpetuating the processes of adaptation and evolution. Despite this, sex is not a ubiquitous reproductive strategy. Some angiosperms have evolved an alternate form of reproduction termed apomixis, which avoids meiosis during gamete formation and leads to the production of embryos without paternal contribution. Therefore, apomixis results in the production of clonal progeny through seed. The molecular nature and evolutionary origin of apomixis remain unclear, but recent studies suggest that apomixis evolved from the same molecular framework supporting sex. In this review, we consider physical and molecular relationships between the two pathways, with a particular focus on the initial stages of female reproduction where apomixis deviates from the sexual pathway. We also consider theories that explain the origin of apomictic processes from sexual progenitors. Detailed characterisation of the relationship between sex and apomixis in an evolutionary and developmental sense is an important step towards understanding how apomixis might be successfully integrated into agriculturally important, but currently sexual crops.

机译：开花植物（被子植物）的繁殖是一个动态过程，它依赖于花序，花和最终种子的形成。大多数被子植物通过减数分裂产生配子来进行有性繁殖，减数分裂在受精过程中融合，从而启动胚芽和种子的发育，从而使适应和进化过程永存。尽管如此，性并不是普遍的生殖策略。一些被子植物已经进化出另一种繁殖方式，称为无融合生殖，可以避免配子形成过程中的减数分裂，并导致无父本的胚胎产生。因此，无融合生殖导致通过种子产生克隆后代。无融合生殖的分子性质和进化起源仍然不清楚，但是最近的研究表明，无融合生殖是从支持性的相同分子框架进化而来的。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了两种途径之间的物理和分子关系，特别关注女性生殖的初始阶段，其中无融合生殖偏离性途径。我们还考虑了解释性祖先的无融合生殖过程起源的理论。在进化和发育的意义上，性与无融合生殖之间关系的详细表征是了解无融合生殖如何成功整合到农业上重要但目前仍为有性作物中的重要一步。

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《Functional Plant Biology》 |2009年第6期|共15页
作者
Tucker M. R.; Koltunow A. M. G.;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类植物学;
关键词
apomixis; asexual reproduction; evolution; molecular biology; plant morphology; reviews; seed development; sexual reproduction; angiosperms;

机译：无融合生殖;无性生殖;进化;分子生物学;植物形态学;综述;种子发育;有性生殖;附子植物;

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1. Sexual and asexual (apomictic) seed development in flowering plants: molecular, morphological and evolutionary relationships. (Special Issue: Charles Darwin's plant biology.) [J] . Tucker M. R., Koltunow A. M. G. Functional Plant Biology . 2009,第6期

机译：有性和无性（无融合生殖）种子在开花植物中的发育：分子，形态和进化关系。（特刊：查尔斯·达尔文的植物生物学。）
2. Functional evolution of photochemical energy transformations in oxygen-producing organisms. (Special Issue: Charles Darwin's plant biology.) [J] . Raven J. A. Functional Plant Biology . 2009,第6期

机译：产氧生物中光化学能转化的功能演变。（特刊：查尔斯·达尔文的植物生物学。）
3. From decision to commitment: the molecular memory of flowering. (Special Issue: Molecular Plant on epigenetics and plant development.) [J] . Adrian J., Torti S., Turck F. Molecular Plant . 2009,第4期

机译：从决策到承诺：开花的分子记忆。（特刊：关于表观遗传学和植物发育的分子植物。）
4. DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO TRANSGENIC PLANTS AND MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSES OF THEIR INTEGRATION STABILITY AND TRANSGENE EXPRESSION EFFICIENCY USING VEGETATIVE AND SEXUAL PROPAGATION [C] . S.D. KUROCHKINA, N.A. KARTEL Induced mutations and molecular techniques for crop improvement . 1995

机译：植物和性繁殖的马铃薯转基因植物的开发及其整合稳定性和转基因表达效率的分子和遗传分析
5. Somatic, genetic and evolutionary trade-offs between sexual and asexual reproduction in a clonal aquatic plant (Butomus umbellatus). [D] . Thompson, Faye Laura. 2002

机译：克隆水生植物（Butomus umbellatus）有性繁殖和无性繁殖之间的体细胞，遗传和进化折衷。
6. Heritable gene expression differences between apomictic clone members in Taraxacum officinale: Insights into early stages of evolutionary divergence in asexual plants [O] . Julie Ferreira de Carvalho, Carla Oplaat, Nikolaos Pappas, 2016

机译：蒲公英中无融合生殖克隆成员之间的可遗传基因表达差异：无性植物进化分歧的早期见解
7. Sexual and asexual (apomictic) seed development in flowering plants: molecular, morphological and evolutionary relationships [O] . Tucker, M., Koltunow, A. 2009

机译：开花植物中的性和无性（无融合生殖）种子发育：分子，形态和进化关系
8. On the Evolutionary Significance of the Morphological Characters of the Germination of Flowering Plants (K Voprosu Ob Evolyutsionnom Znachenii Morfologicheskikh Osobennostei Prorastaniya Tsvetkovykh Rastenii). [R] . Vasilchenko, I. T. 1969

机译：关于开花植物萌发形态特征的进化意义（K Voprosu Ob Evolyutsionnom Znachenii morfologicheskikh Osobennostei prorastaniya Tsvetkovykh Rastenii）。

Sexual and asexual (apomictic) seed development in flowering plants: molecular, morphological and evolutionary relationships. (Special Issue: Charles Darwin's plant biology.)

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