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Mass spectrometric detection of trace anions: The evolution of paired-ion electrospray ionization (PIESI)

机译：质谱检测痕量阴离子：配对离子电喷雾电离（PIESI）的发展

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The negative-ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is intrinsically less sensitive than the positive-ion mode. The detection and quantitation of anions can be performed in positive-ion mode by forming specific ion-pairs during the electrospray process. The paired-ion electrospray ionization (PIESI) method uses specially synthesized multifunctional cations to form positively charged adducts with the anions to be analyzed. The adducts are detected in the positive-ion mode and at higher m/z ratios to produce excellent signal-to-noise ratios and limits of detection that often are orders of magnitude better than those obtained with native anions in the negative-ion mode. This review briefly summarizes the different analytical approaches to detect and separate anions. It focuses on the recently introduced PIESI method to present the most effective dicationic, tricationic, and tetracationic reagents for the detection of singly and multiply charged anions and some zwitterions. The mechanism by which specific structural molecular architectures can have profound effects on signal intensities is also addressed. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:201-218, 2016.
机译：电喷雾电离质谱（ESI-MS）的负离子模式本质上不如正离子模式敏感。阴离子的检测和定量可通过在电喷雾过程中形成特定的离子对以正离子模式进行。配对离子电喷雾电离（PIESI）方法使用专门合成的多功能阳离子与要分析的阴离子形成带正电荷的加合物。在正离子模式下以更高的m / z比检测加合物，以产生出色的信噪比和检测极限，通常比在负离子模式下用天然阴离子获得的信噪比好。这篇综述简要总结了检测和分离阴离子的不同分析方法。它着重于最近引入的PIESI方法，以提供最有效的去离子，三阳离子和四阳离子试剂，用于检测单电荷电荷和多电荷阴离子以及某些两性离子。还探讨了特定结构分子结构可对信号强度产生深远影响的机制。 （c）2015 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.质谱修订35：201-218，2016。

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