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Improving metal dusting resistance of transition-metals and Ni-Cu alloys

机译：提高过渡金属和Ni-Cu合金的抗金属粉尘性

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The present study focuses on a new technique for the prevention of metal dusting in carbonaceous gas environments at intermediate temperature. Preliminary laboratory metal dusting test was conducted for transition-metals and Ni-x%Cu binary alloys in a simulated 60%CO-26%H{sub}2-11.5%CO{sub}2-2.5%H{sub}2O (in vol.%) gas mixture at 650℃ for 100 h. The metal dusting caused no coke deposition on transition-metals of Cu, Ag, and Pt, while those of Fe, Co, and Ni have a large amount of coke and lost mass. Whether or not coking behavior of Ni-Cu binary alloys formed any oxide scales in the simulated gas environment depended on the Cu content. Specimens containing low Cu were entirely covered with coke and showed rough metal surfaces due to the degradation of metal. Alloys of 20% and more Cu, on the contrary, had no coke deposition and smooth metal surfaces, suggesting alloys with an adequate Cu do not react with CO in the gas mixture without an oxide scale barrier. Based on these results, we conclude that Cu does not protect by formation of the oxide scale but has a "Surfactant-Mediated Suppression" against metal dusting. This effect can be explained in terms of atomistic interaction of CO with transition-metal surfaces by electronic structure analyses. The concept can be also useful for the practical material design of Ni-Cr base alloy with excellent metal dusting resistance.
机译：本研究的重点是防止碳质气体环境中温度下金属粉尘的新技术。对过渡金属和Ni-x％Cu二元合金进行了模拟的60％CO-26％H {sub} 2-11.5％CO {sub} 2-2.5％H {sub} 2O（在650℃混合100％的气体混合物。金属粉尘不会在Cu，Ag和Pt的过渡金属上沉积焦炭，而Fe，Co和Ni的过渡金属上有大量的焦炭和质量损失。 Ni-Cu二元合金的焦化行为在模拟气体环境中是否形成任何氧化皮取决于Cu含量。含铜量低的试样被焦炭完全覆盖，由于金属的降解，其金属表面粗糙。相反，含20％以上的Cu的合金没有积炭，金属表面也不光滑，这表明具有足够Cu的合金在没有氧化皮阻隔的情况下不会与气体混合物中的CO反应。根据这些结果，我们得出结论，Cu不能通过形成氧化皮而提供保护，但是具有“表面活性剂介导的抑制作用”以防止金属粉尘的形成。可以通过电子结构分析，根据CO与过渡金属表面的原子相互作用来解释这种效应。该概念对于具有优异的抗金属粉尘性能的Ni-Cr基合金的实用材料设计也很有用。

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