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首页> 外文期刊>Cancer epidemiology >Effect of tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol on all-cause and cancer mortality: A cohort study from Trivandrum, India
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Effect of tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol on all-cause and cancer mortality: A cohort study from Trivandrum, India

机译：咀嚼，抽烟和酗酒对全因和癌症死亡率的影响：来自印度特里凡得琅的一项队列研究

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Objective: To study the risk of all-cause, cancer and tobacco-related cancer mortality associated with tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol use. Design: Prospective community-based cohort study initiated in 1996. Participants: 167. 343 adult subjects, aged 34 and older, living in 13 panchayaths (rural municipal administrative units) in South India, were regularly followed-up for a mean duration of 6.5 years. Main outcome measures: Mortality from all-causes, all cancer and tobacco-related cancer. Results: The mortality risks associated with chewing (and 95% confidence intervals), after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic and dietary variables, and for other habits, were 0.90 (0.86-0.94) for all-cause, 1.07 (0.94-1.22) for cancer and 1.22 (1.04-1.44) for tobacco-related cancer; with smoking the respective mortality risks were 1.31 (1.24-1.39), 1.63 (1.37-1.94) and 1.68 (1.36-2.08); and with alcohol use the risks were 1.13 (1.06-1.20), 1.32 (1.11-1.57) and 1.47 (1.19-1.80), respectively. Reduced risk of all-cause mortality by chewing was observed only in the 60-84 years old group (0.90 (0.85-0.94)), and detrimental effects of chewing on cancer mortality were shown in the young and middle-age groups: 34-39 years old (1.33 (0.67-2.65)), and 40-59 years old (1.26 (1.03-1.55)). Conclusion: Tobacco in any form and alcohol uses were harmful and a higher quality of life could be achieved by avoiding these habits. Given the demographic, epidemiological and economic transitions and changes in pattern of tobacco and alcohol use in India, the health loss from the tobacco and alcohol will grow even larger, unless effective interventions and policies to reduce these habits are implemented.
机译：目的：研究与咀嚼，吸烟和饮酒有关的全因，癌症和与烟草有关的癌症死亡的风险。设计：一项基于社区的前瞻性队列研究始于1996年。参加者：167.居住在印度南部13个panchayath（农村市政行政单位）中的343岁，34岁及以上的成年人受试者，平均随访时间为6.5年份。主要结果指标：全因，所有癌症和与烟草有关的癌症造成的死亡率。结果：经年龄，性别，社会经济和饮食变量以及其他习惯调整后，与咀嚼（和95％置信区间）相关的死亡风险为：全因是0.90（0.86-0.94），是1.07（0.94） -1.22）（癌症）和1.22（1.04-1.44）（与烟草有关的癌症）;吸烟导致的死亡风险分别为1.31（1.24-1.39），1.63（1.37-1.94）和1.68（1.36-2.08）;饮酒的风险分别为1.13（1.06-1.20），1.32（1.11-1.57）和1.47（1.19-1.80）。仅在60-84岁年龄组（0.90（0.85-0.94））中观察到咀嚼引起的全因死亡率降低的风险，而咀嚼对癌症死亡率的有害影响在年轻和中年组中显示：34- 39岁（1.33（0.67-2.65））和40-59岁（1.26（1.03-1.55））。结论：任何形式的烟草和酗酒都是有害的，避免这些习惯可以提高生活质量。考虑到印度的人口，流行病学和经济转型以及烟草和烟酒使用方式的变化，除非采取有效的干预措施和减少这些习惯的政策，否则烟草和烟酒对健康的损失将越来越大。

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