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Intermetallic titanium aluminides in aerospace applications - processing, microstructure and properties

机译：航空航天应用中的金属间金属铝化物-加工，显微组织和性能

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After more than 30 years of fundamental research and development activities intermetallic titanium aluminides based on the ordered gamma-TiAl phase have found applications in aerospace and automotive industries. The advantages of this class of innovative high-temperature lightweight materials are their low density, their good strength and creep properties, as well as their oxidation resistance up to 750 degrees C. A drawback, however, is their limited ductility at room temperature, which is reflected by a low plastic strain at fracture. Advanced engineering TiAl alloys, such as the beta-solidifying so-called TNM alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (in atomic percent), are complex multi-phase materials which can be processed by ingot or powder metallurgy, precision casting methods as well as additive manufacturing. Each production process leads to specific microstructures which can be altered and optimised by thermomechanical processing and/or subsequent heat treatments, whereby the knowledge of the occurring solidification processes and phase transformation sequences is essential. Therefore, thermodynamic calculations were conducted to predict the phase fraction diagrams. After experimental verification, these phase diagrams provided the base for the development of heat treatments to adjust balanced mechanical properties. To determine the influence of deformation and kinetic aspects, sophisticated ex- and in situ methods have been employed. Finally, the application of TiAl alloys in aerospace is reported.
机译：经过30多年的基础研究和开发活动，基于有序γ-TiAl相的金属间钛铝化物已在航空航天和汽车工业中得到应用。这类创新的高温轻质材料的优点是它们的低密度，良好的强度和蠕变性能以及高达750摄氏度的抗氧化性。但是，缺点是它们在室温下的延展性有限，断裂时塑性应变低反映了这一点。先进的工程TiAl合金，例如标称成分为Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B（原子百分比）的β凝固所谓的TNM合金，是可以通过铸锭加工的复杂多相材料。或粉末冶金，精密铸造方法以及增材制造。每个生产过程都会导致特定的微观结构，可以通过热机械加工和/或后续的热处理来改变和优化这些微观结构，因此必须掌握所发生的凝固过程和相变顺序。因此，进行了热力学计算以预测相分数图。经过实验验证，这些相图为开发热处理以调节平衡的机械性能提供了基础。为了确定变形和动力学方面的影响，已采用复杂的异位和原位方法。最后，报道了TiAl合金在航空航天中的应用。

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