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Characterization of pediatric wheelchair kinematics and wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system loading during rear impact

机译：儿科轮椅运动学和轮椅系紧以及乘员约束系统在后部碰撞过程中的负载特征

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摘要

This study characterizes pediatric wheelchair kinematic responses and wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS) loading during rear impact. It also examines the kinematic and loading effects of wheelchair headrest inclusion in rear impact. In two separate rear-impact test scenarios, identical WC19-compliant manual pediatric wheelchairs were tested using a seated Hybrid III 6-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to evaluate wheelchair kinematics and WTORS loading. Three wheelchairs included no headrests, and three were equipped with slightly modified wheelchair-mounted headrests. Surrogate WTORS properly secured the wheelchairs; three-point occupant restraints properly restrained the ATD. All tests used a 26 km/h, 11 g rear-impact test pulse. Headrest presence affected wheelchair kinematics and WTORS loading; headrest-equipped wheelchairs had greater mean seatback deflections, mean peak front and rear tiedown loads and decreased mean lap belt loads. Rear-impact tiedown loads differed from previously measured loads in frontal impact, with comparable tiedown load levels reversed in frontal and rear impacts. The front tiedowns in rear impact had the highest mean peak loads despite lower rear-impact severity. These outcomes have implications for wheelchair and tiedown design, highlighting the need for all four tiedowns to have an equally robust design, and have implications in the development of rear-impact wheelchair transportation safety standards.
机译：这项研究的特点是儿科轮椅运动学反应和轮椅撞击和乘员约束系统（WTORS）在后部碰撞期间的负荷。它还研究了后碰撞中轮椅头枕的运动学和负荷效应。在两个单独的后碰撞测试方案中，使用坐下的Hybrid III已有6年历史的拟人化测试设备（ATD）对相同的WC19兼容型手动儿科轮椅进行了测试，以评估轮椅的运动学和WTORS负荷。三个轮椅不包括头枕，三个轮椅上装有经过稍微修改的安装在轮椅上的头枕。替代WTORS妥善固定轮椅;三点乘员约束适当地约束了ATD。所有测试均使用26 km / h，11 g后冲击测试脉冲。头枕的存在影响轮椅运动学和WTORS负荷;配备头枕的轮椅的平均座椅靠背挠度更大，平均前后束缚负荷最大，平均腰带负荷降低。后碰撞的束缚载荷与先前测得的正面碰撞载荷不同，可比的束缚载荷水平在正面和后部碰撞中相反。尽管后部撞击的严重程度较低，但后部撞击中的前束缚带具有最高的平均峰值负荷。这些结果对轮椅和系留物的设计有影响，强调了所有四个系留物都必须具有同样坚固的设计，并且对后碰撞轮椅运输安全标准的制定有影响。

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