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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of earthquake engineering >Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part II. Analysis of the Kocaeli case histories
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Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part II. Analysis of the Kocaeli case histories

机译：破裂正常断层上的基础结构系统：第二部分。科贾埃利案例历史分析

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Motivated by the observed (successful and unsuccessful) performance of numerous structures on top of, or immediately next to a normal fault that ruptured during the Kocaeli 1999 earthquake, this paper: (i) develops a two-step finite element methodology to study the propagation of a fault rupture through soil and its interplay with the foundation-structure system, denoted hereafter "Fault Rupture-Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction" (FR-SFSI), (ii) provides validation of the developed methodology through successful Class "A" predictions of centrifuge model tests, and (iii) applies the centrifuge-validated methodology to study one-by-one the Kocaeli case histories of the first paper (Part I). It is shown that the presence of a structure on top of an outcropping fault may have a significant influence on the rupture path: with heavy structures founded on continuous and rigid foundations, the fault rupture diverts substantially and may avoid rupturing underneath the structure. The latter undergoes rigid body rotation, with its foundation sometimes loosing contact with the bearing soil, but in most cases retaining its structural integrity. In stark contrast, buildings on isolated footings and, perhaps surprisingly, piles exert a smaller diversion of the rupture which is thus likely to outcrop between the footings or pile caps; the latter may thus undergo devastating differential displacements. It is shown that structures in the vicinity of faults can be designed to survive significant dislocations. The "secret" of successful performance lies on the continuity, stiffness, and rigidity of the foundation.
机译：受观测到的（成功和失败的）正常（在Kocaeli 1999地震中破裂的）断层之上或附近的许多结构的影响，本文：（i）开发了一种两步有限元方法来研究传播土壤破裂的破裂及其与基础结构系统的相互作用，以下称为“破裂破裂-土壤-地基-结构相互作用”（FR-SFSI），（ii）通过成功的“ A”级对开发的方法进行了验证离心机模型测试的预测，以及（iii）应用离心机验证的方法对第一篇论文的Kocaeli案例历史进行逐一研究（第一部分）。结果表明，露头断层顶部存在的结构可能会对破裂路径产生重大影响：在以连续且刚性基础为基础的重型结构中，断层破裂会明显转移，并可以避免在结构下方破裂。后者经受刚体旋转，其基础有时与轴承土失去接触，但在大多数情况下保持其结构完整性。与之形成鲜明对比的是，位于孤立地基上的建筑物以及可能令人惊讶的是，桩对破裂的影响较小，因此很可能在地基或桩帽之间露头。后者可能因此遭受破坏性的微分位移。结果表明，断层附近的结构可以设计成能承受明显的位错。成功性能的“秘密”在于基础的连续性，刚度和刚度。

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