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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of earthquake engineering >Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part I. Observations after the Kocaeli 1999 earthquake
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Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part I. Observations after the Kocaeli 1999 earthquake

机译：正断层破裂时的基础结构系统：第一部分。1999年科卡埃利大地震后的观测

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Triggered by reactivation of the strike-slip North Anatolian Fault, the disastrous M_w 7.4 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake also produced normal faulting in the pull-apart basin of Golcuk. Surface scarps from such faulting reached almost 2.5 m in height. Several structures were crossed by the surface rupture. As expected, many of them either collapsed or were severely damaged. But, surprisingly, several structures survived the outcropping dislocation essentially unscathed. In fact, in some cases the surface rupture path seemed to have deviated, as if to "avoid" rupturing directly underneath a structure. In other cases damage was substantial even though the fault rupture was "masked" by the near-surface soil and did not create a scarp. The rigidity and continuity of the foundation appears to have been one of the crucial factors affecting structural performance. Interestingly, the examined structures were supported on a variety of foundation types, ranging from isolated footings, to rigid box-type foundations, to piled foundations. The paper outlines a reconnaissance of the area, providing a documented description of the observed interplay between the rupturing fault, the soil, and the structure, along with the results of soil exploration and geological trenching. In the companion paper, Part II, each system is analysed numerically to confirm the conclusions of the present paper, reveal the main aspects of Fault Rupture-Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction (FR-SFSI), and help develop deeper insights into the mechanics of successful performance of structures built on top of such faults.
机译：由走滑的北安那托利亚断裂带的重新激活引发的，灾难性的M_w 7.4科卡埃利（土耳其）地震也使古尔库克的拉开盆地产生了正常断层。这种断层造成的地表陡坡高度达到近2.5 m。表面破裂使几个结构交叉。不出所料，其中许多倒塌或受到严重破坏。但是，出乎意料的是，几个结构在裸露的位错中幸免于难。实际上，在某些情况下，表面破裂路径似乎已偏离，似乎是在结构下方直接“避免”破裂。在其他情况下，即使断层破裂被近地表的土壤“掩盖”，也不会造成陡峭的破坏，破坏还是很大的。基础的刚性和连续性似乎已成为影响结构性能的关键因素之一。有趣的是，受检查的结构受各种基础类型的支撑，从孤立的基础到刚性的箱式基础到桩基础。本文概述了该地区的勘察工作，提供了对破裂断层，土壤和结构之间相互作用的观测资料，以及对土壤勘探和地质挖沟的结果。在第二部分的随行论文中，对每个系统进行了数值分析，以确认本文的结论，揭示断层破裂-土壤-地基-结构相互作用（FR-SFSI）的主要方面，并有助于对力学进行更深入的了解。在此类故障之上构建的结构的成功表现。

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