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Evolution of the eukaryotic translation termination system: Origins ofrelease factors

机译：真核翻译终止系统的演​​变：释放因子的起源

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Accurate translation termination is essential for cell viability, In eukaryotes, this process is strictly maintained by two proteins, eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1), which recognizes all stop codons and hydrolyzes pcptidyl-tRNA, and eukaryotic release factor 3 (eRF3), which is an elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) homolog stimulating eRF1 activity. To retrace the evolution of this core system, we cloned and sequenced the eRF3 genes from Trichomonas vaginalis (Parabasalia) and Giardia lamblia (Diplomonada), which are generally thought to be "early-diverging eukaryotes," as well as those from two ciliates (Oxytricha trifallax and Euplotes aediculatus). We also determined the sequence of the eRF1 gene for G. lamblia. Surprisingly, the G. lamblia eRF3 appears to have only one domain, corresponding to EF-1 alpha, while other eRF3s (including the T. vaginalis protein) have an additional N-terminal domain, of 66-411 amino acids. Considering this novel eRF3 structure and our extensive phylogenetic analyses, we suggest that (1) the current translation termination system in eukaryotes evolved from the archaea-like version, (2) eRF3 was introduced into the system prior to the divergence of extant eukaryotes, including G. lamblia, and (3) G. lamblia might be the first eukaryotic branch among the organisms considered.
机译：准确的翻译终止对于细胞存活至关重要，在真核生物中，该过程由两种蛋白质严格维持，即​​能够识别所有终止密码子并水解ppptidyl-tRNA的真核生物释放因子1（eRF1）和真核生物释放因子3（eRF3）。是刺激eRF1活性的延伸因子1 alpha（EF-1 alpha）同源物。为了追溯该核心系统的进化，我们克隆并测序了来自阴道毛滴虫（Parabasalia）和贾第鞭毛虫（Diplomonada）的eRF3基因，这些基因通常被认为是“早发真核生物”，也来自两个纤毛虫（毛滴虫（Oxytricha trifallax）和Euplotes aediculatus）。我们还确定了羊草eRF1基因的序列。出人意料的是，兰氏乳杆菌eRF3似乎仅具有一个对应于EF-1α的结构域，而其他eRF3（包括阴道锥虫蛋白）具有一个额外的66-411个氨基酸的N-末端结构域。考虑到这种新颖的eRF3结构以及我们广泛的系统进化分析，我们建议（1）真核生物中目前的翻译终止系统是从古细菌样版本进化而来的;（2）eRF3在现有真核生物发散之前先引入了系统，包括G. lamblia和（3）G. lamblia可能是所考虑生物中的第一个真核分支。

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