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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular biology of the cell >Chromosome malorientations after meiosis II arrest cause nondisjunction
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Chromosome malorientations after meiosis II arrest cause nondisjunction

机译：减数分裂II停滞后的染色体错位导致不可分离

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This study investigated the basis of meiosis II nondisjunction. Cold arrest induced a fraction of meiosis II crane fly spermatocytes to form (n + 1) and (n - 1) daughters during recovery. Live-cell liquid crystal polarized light microscope imaging showed nondisjunction was caused by chromosome malorientation. Whereas amphitely (sister kinetochore fibers to opposite poles) is normal, cold recovery induced anaphase syntely (sister fibers to the same pole) and merotely (fibers to both poles from 1 kinetochore). Maloriented chromosomes had stable metaphase positions near the equator or between the equator and a pole. Syntelics were at the spindle periphery at metaphase; their sisters disconnected at anaphase and moved all the way to a centrosome, as their strongly birefringent kinetochore fibers shortened. The kinetochore fibers of merotelics shortened little if any during anaphase, making anaphase lag common. If one fiber of a merotelic was more birefringent than the other, the less birefringent fiber lengthened with anaphase spindle elongation, often permitting inclusion of merotelics in a daughter nucleus. Meroamphitely (near amphitely but with some merotely) caused sisters to move in opposite directions. In contrast, syntely and merosyntely (near syntely but with some merotely) resulted in nondisjunction. Anaphase malorientations were more frequent after longer arrests, with particularly long arrests required to induce syntely and merosyntely.
机译：这项研究调查了减数分裂II不分离的基础。冷停诱导恢复期间一部分减数分裂II起重机的苍蝇精母细胞形成（n + 1）和（n-1）个子代。活细胞液晶偏振光显微镜成像显示不分离是由染色体错位引起的。斜生的（两栖动植物的纤维到相反的两极）是正常的，而冷恢复则是后期诱导的（两姐妹的纤维到相同的两极），然后是融化的（两节纤维从1个动植物到两极）。方向错误的染色体在赤道附近或在赤道和极点之间具有稳定的中期位置。 Syntelics在中期处于纺锤体外围。他们的姐妹在后期分离，并一直向着中心体移动，这是因为其强烈的双折射动线体纤维缩短了。后期阶段，线虫的线粒体纤维几乎没有缩短，使得后期滞后现象很普遍。如果介子质中的一根纤维比另一根纤维具有更高的双折射性，则双相性较低的纤维会随着后期纺锤体的伸长而延长，从而通常允许将子粒性核中的子粒包含在内。陨石（近角石，但有一些陨石）使姐妹朝相反的方向运动。相比之下，同步和近同步（近乎同步，但有些融洽）导致不分离。停滞时间越长，后期误定向就越频繁，特别是长时间的停滞来诱导合成和近合成。

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