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首页> 外文期刊>Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin >CHEMISTRY OF SOILSTHE SALT STATUS OF MEADOW-CHESTNUT SOILS IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF THE NORTHERNCASPIAN REGION
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CHEMISTRY OF SOILSTHE SALT STATUS OF MEADOW-CHESTNUT SOILS IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF THE NORTHERNCASPIAN REGION

机译：北部卡萨地区农林系统中草甸-栗子土壤盐分的化学性质

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摘要

Meadow-chestnut soils in microdepressions occupying 25% of the Northern Caspian solonetzic complex are potentially suitable for agricultural use. Under virgin conditions, they are characterized by the periodically percolative water regime, nonsaline soil profile, high humus content to 4-5%, and good supply with mineral nutrients. Under land reclamation aimed at dealkalinization and desalinization of solonchak solonetzes occupying more than 50% of the territory, meadow-chestnut soils are necessarilyincluded into agricultural processing and land-reclamation process. As a result, the water-physical properties and salt status of reclaimed meadow-chestnut soils are radically changed: the periodically percolative soil moisture regime is transformed into the desuctive-exudative regime with periodical through perlocation [1].The salt status of both virgin and reclaimed meadow-chestnut soils was changed by a steady rise of groundwater level occurring on the Caspian Lowland in the 1980s, which was more than 2 m in the region under study and reached a depth of 4.5 m from the surface at the end of the 20th century [2].The effect of this factor on the salt content in groundwater and the formation of new salt profiles under land-reclamation conditions is still insufficiently understood. It has been found earlier that this rise results in significant changes in soil-forming processes. A reliable increase in the salt content of groundwater under virgin meadow-chestnut soils from 0.6 to 3.2 g/1 on average was found, as well as a radical change in the groundwater composition fromthe calcium-hydrocarbonate to sodium-chloride-sulfate type [3].This work is devoted to the assessment of the current salt status of reclaimed meadow-chestnut soils at different reclamation stages under rising groundwater conditions. The studies were conducted on the plots of the Dzhanybek Research Station of the Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences. This territory is of special interest, because this is a well-studied [4, 5] and representative object for the major part of the claysemidesert of the Caspian Lowland 2.9 million ha, which can be used for the assessment, monitoring, and prediction of many soil-forming processes.We briefly characterize the natural conditions of the territory under study: a dry continental climate the average annual precipitation is threefold lower than evaporation; it was 298 mm for the period from 1950 to 1996; a flat and drainless area with pronounced meso- and microrelief meadow-chestnut soils in meso- and microdepressions; and complex soil and plant cover, salt content, and groundwater composition.
机译：处于北里海solonetzic复合体25％的微洼地的草甸栗木土壤可能适合农业使用。在原始条件下，它们的特点是周期性渗水，非盐渍土壤，腐殖质含量高至4％至5％，以及矿物质营养丰富。在旨在占据面积超过50％的solonchak solonetzes脱钙化和脱盐化的土地开垦中，草甸栗子土壤必不可少地包括在农业加工和土地开垦过程中。结果，开垦后的板栗土壤的水物理性质和盐分状态发生了根本性变化：周期性渗滤的土壤水分状态通过位错周期性转变为具有消渗性的渗出状态[1]。两种处女的盐分状态1980年代里海低地上的地下水位稳定上升，从而改变了草甸栗木和开垦的栗子土壤，在研究区域中，地下水位超过2 m，到底端距地表的深度达到4.5 m。 20世纪[2]。在开垦土地条件下，该因素对地下水含盐量和新盐剖面形成的影响仍知之甚少。早先已经发现，这种上升导致土壤形成过程发生重大变化。在原始的板栗-栗树土壤下，地下水的含盐量平均可靠地从0.6增加到3.2 g / 1，并且地下水成分从碳酸钙变为氯化钠硫酸盐类型发生了根本性变化[3]。 ]。这项工作致力于评估地下水条件不断提高的不同开垦阶段中草甸-栗木复垦土壤的盐分现状。这些研究是在俄罗斯科学院森林研究所Dzhanybek研究站的地块上进行的。该地区特别受关注，因为这是对里海低地290万公顷黏土的主要部分的深入研究[4，5]和代表性对象，可用于评估，监测和预测我们简要地描述了所研究领土的自然条件：干旱的大陆性气候，年平均降水量比蒸发量低三倍; 1950年至1996年期间为298毫米;一个平坦而无排水的地区，中，微凹陷处有明显的中，小阶草甸-栗子土壤;以及复杂的土壤和植物覆盖，盐分和地下水成分。

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