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首页> 外文期刊>Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin >ROLE OF SOIL SCIENCE IN STUDYING AND HANDLING MODERN PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY
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ROLE OF SOIL SCIENCE IN STUDYING AND HANDLING MODERN PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY

机译：土壤科学在研究和处理现代生态问题中的作用

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摘要

Since the first experiments of land cultivation as far back as Neolithic time, or may be even earlier, man has been accumulating knowledge of the versatility of soil types and their fertility. However, it is only at the end of the 19th century, basedon the works of the outstanding Russian scientist V.V. Dokuchaev and his brilliant scientific school, that soil science appeared as an independent natural science. Over the years, leaning upon the principles of Dokuchaev's teaching, soil science has traveled a long and fruitful road of development. Theoretical fundamentals of soil science were developed, basic laws of soil genesis and geography identified, special field and laboratory methods for investigating soils and their properties worked out. General soil maps compiled on the basis of these methods made possible the first assessment of the soil resources of Russia, neighboring countries, and the entire world. They also laid the foundation of zonal principles of arable farming, soil amelioration,and application of organic and mineral fertilizers with allowance for genetic and geographic diversity of soils. Soil science met successfully all needs of science and life.
机译：自从新石器时代或更早甚至更早的时候开始进行土地耕种试验以来，人类就已经积累了关于土壤类型的多样性及其肥力的知识。然而，这只是在19世纪末，以俄国杰出科学家V.V. Dokuchaev和他的杰出科学学院认为土壤科学是一门独立的自然科学。多年来，土壤科学一直秉承Dokuchaev的教学原则，走过漫长而又富有成果的发展之路。制定了土壤科学的理论基础，确定了土壤成因和地理学的基本规律，研究了土壤及其性质研究的特殊领域和实验室方法。基于这些方法编制的一般土壤图使对俄罗斯，邻国和整个世界的土壤资源进行首次评估成为可能。它们还为可耕作，改善土壤以及有机和矿物肥料的应用等区域性原则奠定了基础，并考虑到土壤的遗传和地理多样性。土壤科学成功地满足了科学和生命的所有需求。

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