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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular ecology >Experimental evidence for distinct costs of pathogenesis and immunity against a natural pathogen in a wild bird
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Experimental evidence for distinct costs of pathogenesis and immunity against a natural pathogen in a wild bird

机译：实验证明，野鸟的发病机理和针对天然病原体的免疫力明显不同

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Protective immunity is expected to evolve when the costs of mounting an immune response are less than those of harbouring pathogens. Estimating the costs of immunity vs. pathogenesis in natural systems is challenging, however, because they are typically closely linked. Here we attempt to disentangle the relative cost of each using experimental infections in a natural host-parasite system in which hosts (house finches, Carpodacus mexicanus) differ in resistance to a bacterium (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG), depending on whether they originate from co-evolved or unexposed populations. Experimental infection with a 2007-strain of MG caused finches from co-evolved populations to lose significantly more mass relative to controls, than those from unexposed populations. In addition, infected co-evolved finches that lost the most mass harboured the least amounts of MG, whereas the reverse was true in finches from unexposed populations. Finally, within co-evolved populations, individuals that displayed transcriptional evidence of higher protective immune activity, as indicated by changes in the expression of candidate immune and immune-related genes in a direction consistent with increased resistance to MG, showed greater mass loss and lower MG load. Thus, mass loss appeared to reflect the costs of immunity vs. pathogenesis in co-evolved and unexposed populations, respectively. Our results suggest that resistance can evolve even when the short-term energetic costs of protective immunity exceed those of pathogenesis, providing the longer-term fitness costs of infection are sufficiently high.
机译：当进行免疫反应的成本低于携带病原体的成本时，保护性免疫有望发展。然而，估计免疫力与发病机制在自然系统中的成本具有挑战性，因为它们通常紧密相连。在这里，我们尝试用自然宿主寄主-寄生虫系统中的实验感染来区分每种宿主的相对成本，在该系统中，寄主（雀科，墨西哥Carpodacus墨西哥）对细菌（Mycoplasma gallisepticum，MG）的抗药性不同，这取决于它们是否来源于大肠杆菌。 -进化或未暴露的种群。 2007 MG菌株的实验感染使同进化种群的雀科相对于对照失去的质量明显比未暴露种群的雀科多。此外，损失最大的被感染的共同进化的雀科的MG含量最少，而未接触种群的雀科则相反。最后，在共同进化的群体中，表现出更高的保护性免疫活性的转录证据的个体，表现出更大的质量损失和更低的质量，如候选免疫和免疫相关基因的表达向与MG抗性增加一致的方向变化所表明的那样。 MG负载。因此，质量损失似乎分别反映了共同进化和未暴露人群的免疫力与发病机理的代价。我们的结果表明，即使保护性免疫的短期能量消耗超过了发病机理的费用，只要感染的长期适应性费用足够高，抗药性就会演变。

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