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Multiple Asian pig origins revealed through genomic analyses

机译：基因组分析揭示了多种亚洲猪的起源

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Previous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies have suggested that European and Asian pig populations were derived through multiple domestication events. We investigated whether domestic pig populations were derived from distinct ancestors within their respective regions, using eight domestic breeds (five European and three Asian), and also European and Asian wild boar populations. Genomic analyses utilized 21 microsatellite markers (MS) selected for their distribution across the pig genome in addition to the mtDNA D-loop region. The number of alleles per MS loci ranged from 8 (Sw2008) to 16 (S0097 and S0218). Few significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected, suggesting the absence of heterozygote deficiencies. Analyses within populations revealed observed mean heterozygosity from 0.48 (Erhualian) to 0.68 (Dutch WB) and an expected mean heterozygosity from 0.53 (Hampshire) to 0.80 (Japanese WB) with effective alleles ranging from 2.28 (Hampshire) to 3.74 (French WB). Wild boar populations demonstrated a higher level of heterozygosity than domestic breeds. Genetic differentiation estimated by fixation indices (F_(ST)) ranged from 0.021 (Yorkshire and Duroc) to 0.410 (Meishan and Hampshire) and was consistent with previous mtDNA analysis. Both phylogenetic and principal component analyses revealed a distinct separation of European and Asian derived populations with tight clustering of the European domestic breeds. Conversely, the use of both MS and mtDNA clarified that the Asian populations were comprised of three groups, one represented by Erhualian and Meishan breed, the second represented by Lanyu pigs and the third represented by the Asian wild boars. The current findings support the hypothesis that Asian domestic populations were derived from multiple Asian ancestral origins whereas the European domestic populations represent a single ancestral European lineage.
机译：先前的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）研究表明，欧洲和亚洲的猪群是通过多次驯化事件获得的。我们使用八个国内品种（五个欧洲和三个亚洲）以及欧洲和亚洲野猪种群，调查了家养猪种群是否来自各自区域内的不同祖先。基因组分析使用了21种微卫星标记（MS），除了mtDNA D环区域外，还选择了它们在整个猪基因组中的分布。每个MS基因座的等位基因数量范围从8（Sw2008）到16（S0097和S0218）。几乎没有发现Hardy-Weinberg平衡的明显偏离，表明不存在杂合子缺陷。人群中的分析表明，观察到的平均杂合度为0.48（二化lian）至0.68（荷兰语WB），预期的平均杂合度为0.53（汉普郡）至0.80（日本WB），有效等位基因的范围为2.28（汉普郡）至3.74（法国WB）。野猪种群的杂合度高于国内品种。由固定指数（F_（ST））估计的遗传分化范围为0.021（约克郡和杜洛克）至0.410（迈山和汉普郡），与先前的mtDNA分析一致。系统发育和主成分分析都表明，欧洲和亚洲衍生种群之间存在明显的分离，而欧洲本土品种则紧密地聚集在一起。相反，同时使用MS和mtDNA阐明了亚洲种群由三组组成，一组以二花莲和梅山品种为代表，第二组以兰屿猪为代表，第三组以亚洲野猪为代表。目前的发现支持以下假设：亚洲家庭人口来自多个亚洲祖先血统，而欧洲家庭人口则代表欧洲单一祖先血统。

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