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Lack of structure in the gene pool of the highly polyploid ornamental chrysanthemum

机译：多倍体观赏菊花基因库中缺乏结构

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摘要

Selection of clonally propagated chrysanthemums is mostly performed on F1 hybrids using phenotypic characteristics without the use of molecular information. We applied 448 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to a set of 81 accessions, mainly from the European gene pool, covering the different horticultural types (cut, pot and garden varieties) and originating from the most important European chrysanthemum breeders. The average pairwise genetic similarity of 0.69 was moderate to rather high. Neighbour-joining clustering resulted in no grouping of the accessions, either by their common origin or their horticultural type, or by similarities in important phenotypic characteristics. The structure of the dendrogram could not be supported by bootstrap analysis. Furthermore, network analysis using SplitsTree, principal coordinate analysis via DARwin or analysis of the population with structure did not differentiate reliable and invariable clusters. Therefore, we tested the marker saturation by plotting the mean coefficient of variation for every pairwise similarity of the bootstrap analysis against the different numbers of markers. We showed that the number of markers is sufficient for a precise estimate of genetic similarity and that the lack of bootstrap support is not due to a low genetic diversity or a lack of marker information, but most likely resulted from the breeding history of the cultivars, involving repeated backcrosses and the exchange of genotypes between breeders.
机译：克隆繁殖的菊花的选择主要使用表型特征在F1杂种上进行，而无需使用分子信息。我们将448个扩增的片段长度多态性标记应用于81个种质，主要来自欧洲基因库，涵盖了不同的园艺类型（切花，盆栽和花园变种），并且来自欧洲最重要的菊花育种者。平均成对遗传相似性为0.69，中等至相当高。相邻种群的聚类没有对这些种按其共同起源或园艺类型或重要表型特征的相似性进行分组。引导分析无法支持树状图的结构。此外，使用SplitsTree进行的网络分析，通过DARwin进行的主坐标分析或具有结构的总体分析都无法区分可靠和不变的聚类。因此，我们通过对引导程序分析的每个成对相似性针对不同数量的标记物绘制平均变异系数来测试标记物饱和度。我们证明了标记物的数量足以精确估计遗传相似性，并且缺少引导程序支持并不是由于遗传多样性低或标记物信息不足，而是最有可能是由于品种的育种历史，涉及反复的回交和育种者之间的基因型交换。

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