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首页> 外文期刊>Mycologia >Fusarium euwallaceae sp nov.-a symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California
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Fusarium euwallaceae sp nov.-a symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California

机译：Fusarium euwallaceae sp nov。-Euwallacea sp。的一种共生真菌，是以色列和加利福尼亚州的一种侵略性甲虫

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The invasive Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea sp. (Coleoptera, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) and a novel Fusarium sp. that it farms in its galleries as a source of nutrition causes serious damage to more than 20 species of live trees and pose a serious threat to avocado production (Persea americana) in Israel and California. Adult female beetles are equipped with mandibular mycangia in which its fungal symbiont is transported within and from the natal galleries. Damage caused to the xylem is associated with disease symptoms that include sugar or gum exudates, dieback, wilt and ultimately host tree mortality. In 2012 the beetle was recorded on more than 200 and 20 different urban landscape species in southern California and Israel respectively. Euwallacea sp. and its symbiont are closely related to the tea shot-hole borer (E. fornicatus) and its obligate symbiont, F. ambrosium occurring in Sri Lanka and India. To distinguish these beetles, hereafter the unnamed xyleborine in Israel and California will be referred to as Euwallacea sp. IS/CA. Both fusaria exhibit distinctive ecologies and produce clavate macroconidia, which we think might represent an adaption to the species-specific beetle partner. Both fusaria comprise a genealogically exclusive lineage within Clade 3 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) that can be differentiated with arbitrarily primed PCR. Currently these fusaria can be distinguished only phenotypically by the abundant production of blue to brownish macroconidia in the symbiont of Euwallacea sp. IS/CA and their rarity or absence in F. ambrosium. We speculate that obligate symbiosis of Euwallacea and Fusarium, might have driven ecological speciation in these mutualists. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate the novel, economically destructive avocado pathogen as Fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov. S. Freeman et al.
机译：入侵性亚洲佳肴甲虫Euwallacea sp。 （鞘翅目，鞘翅目，木霉属）和一种新颖的镰刀菌属。它在其画廊中作为营养来源进行耕种对20多种活树造成了严重破坏，并对以色列和加利福尼亚的鳄梨生产（Persea americana）构成了严重威胁。成年雌性甲虫具有下颌肌痛，其真菌共生体在新生画廊内和从新生画廊中运输。对木质部造成的损害与疾病症状有关，包括糖或树胶渗出液，枯萎，枯萎并最终导致寄主树死亡。 2012年，甲虫被记录在加利福尼亚南部和以色列的200多种和20种不同的城市景观物种中。 Euwallacea sp。其共生体与茶shot孔bore（E. fornicatus）及其专性共生菌F. ambrosium密切相关，发生在斯里兰卡和印度。为了区分这些甲虫，以下在以色列和加利福尼亚将未命名的木叶草素称为Euwallacea sp.。 IS / CA。两种镰刀菌均表现出独特的生态特性，并产生棒状大分生孢子，我们认为这可能是对特定物种的甲虫伴侣的一种适应。两种镰刀菌均在镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）种复合体（FSSC）的进化枝3（Clade 3）内包含谱系专有谱系，可通过任意引物PCR进行区分。目前，这些表皮镰刀菌仅在表型上可以通过在Euwallacea sp。的共生物中大量生产蓝色到褐色的大分生孢子来区分。 IS / CA及其在F. ambrosium中的稀有性。我们推测，Euwallacea和Fusarium的专性共生可能推动了这些互惠生的生态形成。因此，本文的目的是描述和举例说明新型的，经济上具有破坏性的鳄梨病原体，如镰孢镰刀菌。十一月S. Freeman等。

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