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SOMATIC INCOMPATIBILITY IN BASIDIOMYCETES [Review]

机译：梭菌的体细胞不相容性[综述]

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摘要

Somatic incompatibility regulates allorecognition (recognition of nonself) and allorejection following somatic contacts in many groups of organisms. The occurrence of somatic incompatibility and the resolving power of allorecognition probably reflect an evolutionary balance between the costs and benefits of somatic integration with conspecific neighbors and intramycelial anastomoses. In basidiomycetes, somatic incompatibility appears to function primarily in the dominant somatic phase, the secondary mycelium, and is clearly distinct from two other incompatibility systems, sexual incompatibility and intersterility. In laboratory studies, closely related mycelia are apparently recognized as self in many cases. However, allorecognition is almost always evident between different secondary mycelia from nature. Somatic incompatibility has therefore played an important role in concepts of individualism in fungi. In practice, somatic incompatibility in the strict sense (failure of anastomoses and genetic and cytoplasmic isolation) is usually inferred from mycelial incompatibility (macroscopic lines between colonies that can be interpreted as agonistic responses). Although the genetic mechanism is still unclear, multiple loci appear to be involved. [References: 75]
机译：在许多生物体中，体细胞接触后，体细胞不相容会调节同种异体认知（非自我认知）和异体排斥。体细胞不相容的发生和同种异体认知的解决能力可能反映了与同种邻居和菌丝体内吻合的体细胞融合的成本和收益之间的进化平衡。在担子菌中，体细胞不相容性似乎主要在占主导地位的体细胞阶段即次生菌丝体中起作用，并且明显不同于其他两种不相容性系统，即性不相容性和不育性。在实验室研究中，在许多情况下，紧密相关的菌丝体显然被认为是自身的。然而，同种异体菌丝几乎总是在自然界的不同继发菌丝体之间出现。因此，体细胞不相容性在真菌的个人主义概念中起了重要作用。在实践中，通常从菌丝不相容性（菌落之间的宏观线可以解释为激动反应）推断出严格意义上的体细胞不相容性（吻合失败以及遗传和细胞质分离）。尽管遗传机制仍不清楚，但似乎涉及多个基因座。 [参考：75]

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