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首页> 外文期刊>Mycologia >Cophylogeny and biogeography of the fungal parasite Cyttaria and its host Nothofagus, southern beech
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Cophylogeny and biogeography of the fungal parasite Cyttaria and its host Nothofagus, southern beech

机译：真菌寄生虫Cyttaria及其寄主Nothofagus（山毛榉南部）的同源性和生物地理学

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摘要

The obligate, biotrophic association among species of the fungal genus Cyttaria and their hosts in the plant genus Nothofagas often is cited as a classic example of cophylogeny and is one of the few cases in which the biogeography of a fungus is commonly mentioned or included in biogeographic analyses. In this study molecular and morphological data are used to examine hypotheses regarding the cophylogeny and biogeography of the 12 species of Cyttaria and their hosts, the 11 species of Nothofagas subgenera Lophozonia and Nothofagus. Our results indicate highly significant overall cophylogenetic structure, despite the fact that the associations between species of Cyttaria and Nothojagus usually do not correspond in a simple one to one relationship. Two major lineages of Cyttaria are confined to a single Nothofagus subgenus, a specificity that might. account for a minimum of two codivergences. We hypothesize other major codivergences. Numerous extinction also are assumed, as are an independent. parasite divergence followed by host switching to account for C. berteroi. Considering the historical association of Cyttaria and Nothofagus, our hypothesis may support the vicariance hypothesis for the trans-Antarctic distribution between Australasian and South American species of Cyttaria species hosted by subgenus Lophozonia. It also supports the hypothesis of transoceanic long distance dispersal to account for the relatively recent relationship between Australian and New Zealand Cyttaria species, which we estimate to have occurred 44.6-28.5 mya. Thus the history of these organisms is not only a reflection of the breakup of Gondwana but also of other events that have contributed to the distributions of many other southern hemisphere plants and fungi.
机译：真菌属Cyttaria物种及其植物Nothofagas宿主之间的专性生物营养联系经常被认为是系统发生的经典例子，并且是真菌地理学被普遍提及或包含在生物地理学中的少数情况之一分析。在这项研究中，分子和形态学数据用于检查关于Cyttaria的12种及其寄主，Nothofagas亚属Lophozonia和Nothofagus的11种的系统发生和生物地理学的假设。我们的结果表明，尽管Cyttaria和Nothojagus物种之间的关联通常不以简单的一对一关系进行对应，但总体上系统进化结构非常重要。 Cyttaria的两个主要谱系都局限于一个Nothofagus亚属，其特异性可能如此。至少有两个共同点。我们假设其他主要分歧。还假设了许多物种的灭绝以及独立灭绝。寄生虫发散，然后宿主转移到贝氏梭菌。考虑到Cyttaria和Nothofagus的历史联系，我们的假说可能支持Lophozonia亚属在澳大利亚和南美Cyttaria种类之间跨南极分布的方差假说。它还支持跨洋远距离扩散的假说，以解释澳大利亚和新西兰Cyttaria物种之间的相对较近的关系，我们估计它们之间已经发生了44.6-28.5肌肉。因此，这些生物的历史不仅反映了冈瓦纳解体，而且反映了促成许多其他南半球植物和真菌分布的其他事件。

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