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首页> 外文期刊>Mycologia >Fungi associated with biological soil crusts in desert grasslands of Utahand Wyoming
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Fungi associated with biological soil crusts in desert grasslands of Utahand Wyoming

机译：犹他州和怀俄明州沙漠草原上与生物土壤结皮相关的真菌

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Biological soil crusts of arid and semiarid regions of the world are recognized as one of the least explored niches occupied by fungi. The principal species of fungi associated with biocrusts in desert grasslands and their associated soils in two geographically separated sites were identified and compared with species from a similar community in which the active crust had been destroyed by grazing. The results confirm the existence of a highly diverse and to some degree a host specific assemblage (mycosociety) of fungi. Comparison of the prevalent species by presence and commonness at the undisturbed and disturbed sites revealed both quantitative and qualitative changes. The forms absent or with a markedly reduced occurrence in the disturbed site were three dark-colored anamorphs of loculoascomycetes (Bipolaris sp., Embellisia tellustris, Phoma anserina) and two loculoascomycetes (Graphyllium permundum, Pleospora richtophensis). Fungi present at all sites included Chrysosporium/Geomyces pannorum, Embellisia tellustris and Pseudozyma sp. Crust associated fungi not previously reported from soil included a basidiomycete (Cyphellostereum sp.), five loculoascomycetes (Kalmusia utahensis, Macroventuria wentii, Pleospora richtophensis, Phaeospora sp., Preussia sp.) and three mitosporic species (Heteroconium sp., Sclerococcum sp., Taeniolella sp.). Overall, the commonly encountered crust-associated fungi were dark-colored mitosporic and sterile forms apparently adapted to desert environments.
机译：世界上干旱和半干旱地区的生物土壤结皮被公认为是真菌占据最少的生态位之一。在两个地理上分离的地点，确定了与沙漠草原及其相关土壤相关的主要真菌种类，并将其与相似社区的物种进行了比较，在该相似社区中，活动性外壳已被放牧破坏。结果证实了真菌的高度多样性并且在一定程度上宿主特异性组合（真菌结合）的存在。通过在不受干扰和受干扰的地点的存在和普遍性比较流行物种，揭示了数量和质量上的变化。在扰动部位不存在或出现的形态明显减少的是三个小孢子囊孢子菌（Bipolaris sp。，Emellisiatellustris，Phoma anserina）和两个小孢子囊孢子菌（Graphyllium permundum，Pleospora richtophensis）。存在于所有场所的真菌包括金孢菌（Chrysosporium / Geomyces pannorum），tellellisiatellustris和Pseudozyma sp。以前未从土壤中报告的与外壳相关的真菌包括担子菌（Cyphellostereum sp。），五个鼠孢子囊菌（Kalmusia utahensis，Macroventuria goii，Pleospora richtophensis，Phaeospora sp。，Preussia sp。）和三种多孢菌种（Heteroconium sp。 Taeniolella sp。）。总体而言，常见的与外壳相关的真菌是深色的有丝孢状和无菌形式，显然适合沙漠环境。

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