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首页> 外文期刊>Mountain Research & Development >Tracing 4,000 years of environmental history in the Cuzco area, Peru, from the pollen record.
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Tracing 4,000 years of environmental history in the Cuzco area, Peru, from the pollen record.

机译：从花粉记录中追溯秘鲁库斯科地区的4000年环境历史。

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The Central Peruvian Andes stand out as a globally important centre of cultural and biological evolution. This is supported by its location at the heart of the former dominating Inca civilization (AD 1440-1534), itself built on remarkable precedingcivilizations. These civilizations have arisen in this area possibly because of its exceptional natural biodiversity and its prominence as a centre of domestication for numerous high altitude crops growing between 2000 and 4500 m altitude. Continuous environmental records for the Holocene from lake basin deposits in the Cuzco area would provide valuable information on how early human impact occurred. They would also assist in determining when the transition to agriculture took place in the southern highlands of present day Peru. A pollen record from Marcacocha, an in-filled lake basin at 3300 m near Ollantaytambo, indicates evidence of a deforested agricultural landscape earlier than 4000 years ago. Major local climatic events at about AD 100 and 1050in the record separate 3 contrasting land-use phases and may be linked to climatic events of a wider geographical occurrence. Most importantly, these data furnish valuable insight into which cultures in Peru appeared to manage these fragile mountainous environments with minimal impact, and even evidence of agroforestry using Alnus on a major scale. There are numerous lakes in the Cuzco area to provide a complete regional overview, and brief information from a selection of these sites is presented. It issuggested that a series of continuous records at different altitudes may fill the gaps in the understanding of the composition of natural vegetation communities, including the distribution of Polylepis forest in existence before human impact.
机译：秘鲁中部安第斯山脉脱颖而出，成为全球重要的文化和生物进化中心。这是因为它位于以前占主导地位的印加文明（AD 1440-1534）的心脏，该文明本身建立在非凡的先前文明之上。这些文明之所以在该地区出现，可能是由于其独特的自然生物多样性及其作为2000至4500 m高度生长的许多高海拔作物的驯化中心的突出地位。库斯科地区湖盆沉积物全新世的连续环境记录将为人类早期影响的发生提供有价值的信息。他们还将协助确定何时向当今的秘鲁南部高地过渡到农业。马尔卡科查（Marcacocha）的花粉记录是一个充满水的湖盆，位于奥兰泰坦博（Ollantaytambo）附近3300 m，该证据表明有4000年前的森林被砍伐的景观。记录中大约在公元100年和1050年发生的主要局部气候事件将三个相对的土地利用阶段分开，并且可能与更广泛的地理事件相关。最重要的是，这些数据提供了宝贵的见解，使秘鲁的文化似乎能够以最小的影响来管理这些脆弱的山区环境，甚至是大规模使用阿尔努斯的农林业的证据。库斯科地区有许多湖泊，可提供完整的区域概况，并提供这些地点的简要信息。建议在不同高度的一系列连续记录可能会填补对自然植被群落组成的理解的空白，包括对人类影响之前存在的多毛森林的分布。

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