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Hot-Carrier Seebeck Effect: Diffusion and Remote Detection of Hot Carriers in Graphene

机译：热载体塞贝克效应：石墨烯中热载体的扩散和远程检测

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摘要

We investigate hot Carrier propagation across graphene using an electrical nonlocal injection/detection method. The device consists of a monolayer graphene flake, contacted by multiple metal leads. Using two remote leads for electrical heating, we generate a carrier temperature gradient that results in a measurable thermoelectric voltage V-NL across the remaining (detector) leads. Due to the nonlocal character, of the measurement, VNL is exclusively due to the Seebeck effect. Remarkably, a departure from The Ordinary relationship between Joule power P and V-NL, V-NL similar to P, becomes readily apparent at low temperatures, representing a finger,print of hot-carrier dominated thermoelectricity. By studying V-NL as a function of bias, we directly determine the carrier temperature and the characteristic cooling length for hot-carrier propagation, which are key parameters, for a variety of new applications that rely on hot-carrier transport.
机译：我们使用电非局域注入/检测方法研究了跨石墨烯的热载流子传播。该设备由单层石墨烯薄片组成，与多条金属引线接触。使用两条远端引线进行电加热，我们生成了一个载流子温度梯度，该梯度导致在其余（检测器）引线上产生可测量的热电电压V-NL。由于测量的非本地性，VNL完全是由于塞贝克效应。值得注意的是，在低温下，焦耳功率P和V-NL（类似于P的V-NL）之间的通常关系出现了偏差，这代表了热载流子主导的热电的指纹。通过研究作为偏置函数的V-NL，我们可以直接确定载流子温度和热载流子传播的特征冷却长度，这是依赖于热载流子传输的各种新应用的关键参数。

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