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Dissipation and fluctuations in nanoelectromechanical systems based on carbon nanotubes

机译：基于碳纳米管的纳米机电系统的耗散和涨落

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摘要

The tribological characteristics of nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) exemplified by a gigahertz oscillator are studied. Various factors that influence the tribological properties of nanotube-based NEMS are quantitatively analyzed with the use of molecular dynamics calculations of the quality factor (Q-factor) of the gigahertz oscillator. We demonstrate that commensurability of the nanotube walls can increase the dissipation rate, while the structure of the wall ends and the nanotube length do not influence the Q-factor. It is shown that the dissipation rate depends on the interwall distance and the way of fixation of the outer wall, and is significant in the case of a poor fixation for nanotubes with a large interwall distance. Defects are found to strongly decrease the Q-factor due to the excitation of low-frequency vibrational modes. No universal correlation between the static friction forces and the energy dissipation rate is established. We propose an explanation of the obtained results on the basis of the classical theory of vibrational—translational relaxation. Significant thermodynamics fluctuations are revealed in the gigahertz oscillator by molecular dynamics simulations and they are analyzed in the framework of the fluctuation—dissipation theorem. The possibility of designing NEMS with a desirable Q-factor and their applications are discussed on the basis of the above results.
机译：研究了以吉赫兹振荡器为例的基于纳米管的纳米机电系统（NEMS）的摩擦学特性。利用分子动力学计算吉赫兹振荡器的质量因子（Q因子），定量分析了影响基于纳米管的NEMS摩擦学特性的各种因素。我们证明，纳米管壁的可比性可以提高耗散率，而壁端的结构和纳米管的长度不会影响Q因子。结果表明，耗散率取决于壁间距和外壁的固定方式，在壁间距较大的纳米管固定不良的情况下，耗散率是很重要的。由于低频振动模式的激发，发现缺陷会大大降低Q因子。在静摩擦力和能量耗散率之间没有建立普遍的相关性。我们基于振动和平移松弛的经典理论提出了对所得结果的解释。通过分子动力学模拟，在吉赫兹振荡器中发现了显着的热力学波动，并在波动-耗散定理的框架内对其进行了分析。基于上述结果，讨论了设计具有理想Q因子的NEMS的可能性及其应用。

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