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An x-ray photoemission electron microscopy study of the formation of Ti-Al phases in 4 mol% TiCl_3 catalyzed NaAlH_4 during high energy ball milling

机译:高能球磨过程中4 mol%TiCl_3催化的NaAlH_4中Ti-Al相形成的X射线电子发射电子显微镜研究

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摘要

This study reports reaction pathways to form TiAl_x metallic complexes during the high energy ball milling of 4 mol% TiCl_3 with NaAlH_4 powders determined using local structure analysis of Ti~(x+) and Al~(x+) species. Using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), the oxidation state of Al~(x+) and Ti~(x+) and the crystalline compounds existing in equilibrium with NaAlH_4 were tracked for samples milled for times of 0 (i.e. mixing), 5, and 25 min. XPEEM analysis of the Al K edge after 5 min of milling reveals that Al remains in the 3+ oxidation state (i.e. in NaAlH_4) around Ti~0-rich regions of the sample. After 25 min of high energy milling, Ti~0 has reacted with Al~(3+) (in nearby NaAlH_4) to form TiAl_x complexes. This study reports the pathway for TiAl_x complex formation during milling of 4 mol% TiCl_3 catalyzed NaAlH_4 to be as follows: (1) Ti~(3+) reduces to Ti~0 (with Al~(3+) near Ti~0 regions) and (2) Ti~0 reacts with Al~(3+) in NaAlH_4 to form TiAl_x complexes.
机译:这项研究报告了通过Ti〜(x +)和Al〜(x +)物种的局部结构分析确定的4 mol%TiCl_3与NaAlH_4粉末的高能球磨过程中形成TiAl_x金属络合物的反应途径。使用X射线光电子发射显微镜(XPEEM)和X射线衍射(XRD),跟踪Al〜(x +)和Ti〜(x +)的氧化态以及与NaAlH_4平衡存在的结晶化合物0(即混合),5和25分钟。铣削5分钟后对XPS的Al K边缘的XPEEM分析表明,在样品的富Ti〜0区域附近,Al保持3+氧化态(即NaAlH_4中)。经过25分钟的高能研磨,Ti〜0与Al〜(3 +)(在附近的NaAlH_4中)反应形成TiAl_x配合物。该研究报告了在研磨4 mol%TiCl_3催化的NaAlH_4时TiAl_x络合物形成的途径如下:(1)Ti〜(3+)还原为Ti〜0(Al〜(3+)在Ti〜0附近) )和(2)Ti〜0与NaAlH_4中的Al〜(3+)反应形成TiAl_x络合物。

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