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Nano-biotechnology: carbon nanofibres as improved neural and orthopaedic implants

机译：纳米生物技术：碳纳米纤维作为改良的神经和整形外科植入物

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For the continuous monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of neural tissue, implantable probes are required. However, sometimes such neural probes (usually composed of silicon) become encapsulated with non-conductive, undesirable glial scar tissue. Similarly for orthopaedic implants, biomaterials (usually titanium and/or titanium alloys) often become encapsulated with undesirable soft fibrous, not hard bony, tissue. Although possessing intriguing electrical and mechanical properties for neural and orthopaedic applications, carbon nanofibresanotubes have not been widely considered for these applications to date. The present work developed a carbon nanofibre reinforced polycarbonate urethane (PU) composite in an attempt to determine the possibility of using carbon nanofibres (CNs) as either neural or orthopaedic prosthetic devices. Electrical and mechanical characterization studies determined that such composites have properties suitable for neural and orthopaedic applications. More importantly, cell adhesion experiments revealed for the first time the promise these materials have to increase neural (nerve cell) and osteoblast (bone-forming cell) functions. In contrast, functions of cells that contribute to glial scar-tissue formation for neural prostheses (astrocytes) and fibrous-tissue encapsulation events for bone implants (fibroblasts) decreased on PU composites containing increasing amounts of CNs. In this manner, this study provided the first evidence of the future that CN formulations may have towards interacting with neural and bone cells which is important for the design of successful neural probes and orthopaedic implants, respectively.
机译：为了连续监测，诊断和治疗神经组织，需要植入式探针。然而，有时这种神经探针（通常由硅组成）被不导电的不良神经胶质瘢痕组织包裹。类似地，对于整形外科植入物，生物材料（通常是钛和/或钛合金）通常被不希望的软纤维而不是硬骨组织包裹。尽管在神经和整形外科应用中具有令人着迷的电气和机械性能，但迄今为止，碳纳米纤维/纳米管尚未在这些应用中得到广泛考虑。本工作开发了一种碳纳米纤维增强的聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸酯（PU）复合材料，以试图确定使用碳纳米纤维（CNs）作为神经或矫形假体的可能性。电气和机械特性研究确定，此类复合材料具有适合神经和整形外科应用的性能。更重要的是，细胞粘附实验首次揭示了这些材料有望增强神经（神经细胞）和成骨细胞（成骨细胞）功能的希望。相反，在含有大量CNs的PU复合材料中，有助于神经假体（星形胶质细胞）的神经胶质瘢痕组织形成和对骨植入物（成纤维细胞）的纤维组织包裹事件的细胞功能下降。通过这种方式，这项研究为未来的CN配方可能与神经细胞和骨骼细胞相互作用提供了第一个证据，这对于分别设计成功的神经探针和骨科植入物非常重要。

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