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首页> 外文期刊>Nature clinical practice. Rheumatology >Primer: Demystifying risk--understanding and communicating medical risks.
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Primer: Demystifying risk--understanding and communicating medical risks.

机译：入门：揭开风险的神秘面纱-了解并传达医疗风险。

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摘要

Assessments of risk are a critical part of the practice of evidence-based medicine. Comprehension of various risk measures, such as absolute risk, relative risk, attributable risk, odds ratio, and hazard ratio, is essential to understand the medical literature, and to communicate health risks effectively. Complex risk measures, including number needed to treat and survival estimates that are adjusted for competing risks, are often misunderstood. Communication of these concepts to patients can be a challenge. The patient's perception of risk stems not only from the way risks are stated, but also from family history, personal experiences, cultural norms, and beliefs. A multifaceted approach to risk communication that uses both qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk, and addresses the timing and permanence of risks, is necessary to ensure the patient understands the potential risks. Successful communication involves interaction with the patient to understand the patient's perspective and to aid in personalized decision-making. In the face of uncertainty, making a provisional decision with a plan to review it later can be a good strategy. Verifying the patient's comprehension can help ensure that the decisions reached are informed and acceptable.
机译：风险评估是循证医学实践的关键部分。理解各种风险度量，例如绝对风险，相对风险，归因风险，比值比和危险比，对于理解医学文献并有效地传达健康风险至关重要。通常会误解复杂的风险衡量标准，包括需要治疗的数量和针对竞争风险进行调整的生存估计。将这些概念传达给患者可能是一个挑战。患者对风险的感知不仅取决于陈述风险的方式，而且还取决于家族史，个人经历，文化规范和信仰。为了确保患者了解潜在的风险，有必要使用风险的定性和定量评估并解决风险的时间和持久性的多方面风险沟通方法。成功的沟通包括与患者的互动，以了解患者的观点并帮助进行个性化的决策。面对不确定性，做出临时决定并制定计划以待日后审核可能是一个不错的策略。验证患者的理解力可以帮助确保所做出的决定是明智的并且可以接受的。

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