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首页> 外文期刊>Nature reviews. Urology >Kidney cancer: CheckMate for advanced-stage ccRCC? Nivolumab and cabozantinib aMETEORate poor survival.
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Kidney cancer: CheckMate for advanced-stage ccRCC? Nivolumab and cabozantinib aMETEORate poor survival.

机译：肾脏癌：CheckMate用于晚期ccRCC吗？ Nivolumab和Cabozantinib的生存率较差。

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摘要

Female urethral diverticula are rare, benign epithelium-lined outpouchings of the female urethra. Patients can present with a multitude of symptoms, most commonly urinary incontinence, recurrent UTIs and dyspareunia. These presenting symptoms are often confused with other diagnoses leading to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Diagnosis and preoperative assessment of bladder function is most accurate using a combination of clinical examination, T2-weighted postvoid MRI and videocystometrography. Best treatment is by vaginal excision, a procedure with a very low recurrence rate and high patient acceptability. Excision also results in high cure rates for associated dyspareunia, UTI and voiding dysfunction. Pre-existing urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence (USUI) resolves in 50% of patients after excision of the diverticulum with Martius labial fat pad interposition without the need for further treatment. Potential adverse effects after surgery are new-onset USUI, urethrovaginal fistula and urethral stricture. The rate of onset of these potential adverse effects is low and related to the preoperative appearance of the diverticulum on an MRI scan and the complexity of the diverticulum.
机译：女性尿道憩室是女性尿道稀少，良性上皮衬里的内袋。患者可以表现出多种症状，最常见的是尿失禁，反复发作的尿路感染和性交困难。这些出现的症状通常与其他诊断混淆，导致延迟诊断或误诊。结合临床检查，T2加权后空核磁共振和视频膀胱造影，可以最准确地诊断和术前评估膀胱功能。最好的治疗方法是通过阴道切除术，这种方法复发率极低，患者可以接受。切除还导致相关的性交困难，UTI和排尿障碍的高治愈率。经尿路动力学证实的压力性尿失禁（USUI）在经Martius唇脂垫插入的憩室切除后无需进一步治疗即可缓解50％的患者。手术后的潜在不良反应为新发USUI，尿道阴道瘘和尿道狭窄。这些潜在不良反应的发生率很低，并且与MRI扫描中憩室的术前外观以及憩室的复杂性有关。

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