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Size and sex matter: reproductive biology and determinants of offspring survival in Gazella marica

机译：大小与性别有关：生殖瞪羚及其后代存活的决定因素

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Environmental conditions should impact the optimal resolution of the trade-off between offspring size and offspring number, which has a major impact on female reproductive life histories. Using breeding data collected over 13 years at the King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre (KKWRC) in Saudi Arabia, we tested the hypothesis that larger sand gazelle (Gazella marica) offspring will have lower mortality than smaller-sized offspring; nonetheless, selection should still favour the production of larger litters (even at the cost of reduced offspring size) under favourable environmental conditions (and vice versa under poor environmental conditions). The present study provides evidence for an early fitness advantage of larger over smaller sand gazelles because offspring that were heavier at birth had higher survival rates to weaning age (90days) and sexual maturity (365days) than lighter offspring; also, females had higher survival rates than males. Moreover, antagonistic selection on offspring and litter size is resolved in favour of maternal fitness early in the year (i.e. high propensity for twinning), although fitness optima converge later in the year when it becomes beneficial to both offspring and mothers to produce large singletons, highlighting temporal variation in the selective regimes affecting female reproductive life histories.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110, 116-127.
机译：环境条件应影响子代大小和子代数之间权衡的最佳解决方案，这对女性生殖生活史有重大影响。利用在沙特阿拉伯的哈立德国王野生动物研究中心（KKWRC）收集的13年来的繁殖数据，我们检验了以下假设：较大的沙瞪羚（Gazella marica）后代的死亡率将低于较小的后代。尽管如此，选择仍应在有利的环境条件下（即使在不利的环境条件下）仍有利于生产更大的凋落物（即使以减少后代大小为代价）。本研究为较大的沙瞪羚提供了早期健身优势的证据，因为出生较重的瞪羚后代在断奶年龄（90天）和性成熟期（365天）的存活率要高于体重较轻的后代。此外，女性的生存率高于男性。此外，尽管适合性最适值会在当年晚些时候收敛到对后代和母亲都有利的单身大胎的情况，但对后代和产仔数的拮抗选择已得到解决，有利于母体适应（即双胞胎的倾向很高）。 （c）2013年伦敦林奈学会，《林奈学会生物学杂志》，2013，110，116-127。

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