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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >The chemical neuroanatomy of the mammalian pineal gland: neuropeptides.
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The chemical neuroanatomy of the mammalian pineal gland: neuropeptides.

机译：哺乳动物松果体的化学神经解剖学：神经肽。

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摘要

The mammalian pineal gland contains multiple afferent peptidergic nerve fibres. Sympathetic nerve fibres, with their origin in the superior cervical ganglia, contain neuropeptide Y colocalized with norepinephrine. Other pinealopetal nerve fibres, probably originating in the pterygopalatine ganglion, contain vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine. Fibres containing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide have also been demonstrated in pinealopetal nerve fibres. These fibres might originate in the trigeminal ganglion. The neurotransmitter content of the fibres of the central innervation, innervating the gland from the brain via the pineal stalk, has not been elucidated. However, strong indications for the presence of neuropeptide Y, substance P, somatostatin, and vasopressin in these fibres have been presented. Recent immunohistochemical studies have further shown the presence of subtypes of pinealocytes containing neuropeptides. Thus, pinealocytes containing beta-endorphin, leu-enkephalin, and somatostatin have been demonstrated in the gland. Immunohistochemistry at the electron microscopical level has shown, that in some species, leu-enkephalin containing pinealocytes make synaptic contacts with other pinealocytes indicating of paracrine regulation of the pineal gland. It must however be emphasized that large interspecies variations exist with regard to the peptidergic pineal innervation and its content of peptidergic cells.
机译：哺乳动物的松果体含有多条传入肽能神经纤维。交感神经纤维起源于上颈神经节，含有与去甲肾上腺素共定位的神经肽Y。其他可能源自翼ery神经节的松果神经纤维含有血管活性肠肽和组氨酸异亮氨酸肽。含P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的纤维也在松果神经纤维中得到证实。这些纤维可能起源于三叉神经节。尚未阐明中央神经支配神经纤维的神经递质含量，该神经递质通过松果茎从大脑支配腺体。然而，已经提出了在这些纤维中存在神经肽Y，P物质，生长抑素和加压素的强烈迹象。最近的免疫组织化学研究进一步显示了含有神经肽的松果体细胞亚型的存在。因此，已经在腺体中证实了含有β-内啡肽，亮脑啡肽和生长抑素的松果体细胞。电子显微镜下的免疫组织化学显示，在某些物种中，含亮脑啡肽的松果细胞与其他松果细胞发生突触接触，表明松果体旁分泌调节。然而，必须强调的是，在肽能松果体神经支配及其肽能细胞的含量方面存在较大的种间差异。

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