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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >Activity-dependent regulation of vesicular glutamate and GABA transporters: a means to scale quantal size.
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Activity-dependent regulation of vesicular glutamate and GABA transporters: a means to scale quantal size.

机译：活性依赖的水泡谷氨酸和GABA转运蛋白的调节：一种规模量化的手段。

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The functional balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling in neuronal cortical circuits is under homeostatic control. That is, prolonged alterations of global network activity leads to opposite changes in quantal amplitude at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Such scaling of excitatory and inhibitory transmission within cortical circuits serves to restore and maintain a constant spontaneous firing rate of pyramidal neurons. Our recent work shows that this includes alterations in the levels of expression of vesicular glutamate (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) and GABA (VIAAT) transporters. Other vesicle markers, such as synaptophysin or synapsin, are not regulated in this way. Endogenous regulation at the level of mRNA and synaptic protein controls the number of transporters per vesicle and hence, the level of vesicle filling with transmitter. Bidirectional and opposite activity-dependent regulation of VGLUT1 and VIAAT expression would serve to adjust the balance of glutamate and GABA release and therefore the level of postsynaptic receptor saturation. In some excitatory neurons and synapses, co-expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 occurs. Bidirectional and opposite changes in the levels of two excitatory vesicular transporters would enable individual neocortical neurons to scale up or scale down the level of vesicular glutamate storage, and thus, the amount available for release at individual synapses. Regulated vesicular transmitter storage and release via selective changes in the level of expression of vesicular glutamate and GABA transporters indicates that homeostatic plasticity of synaptic strength at cortical synapses includes presynaptic elements.
机译：神经元皮层回路中谷氨酸能和GABA能信号的功能平衡处于稳态控制之下。就是说，全球网络活动的长期改变导致在谷氨酸能和GABA能突触的幅度上出现相反的变化。皮层回路内的这种兴奋性和抑制性传递的定标用于恢复和维持恒定的锥体神经元自发放电率。我们最近的工作表明，这包括水泡谷氨酸（VGLUT1和VGLUT2）和GABA（VIAAT）转运蛋白表达水平的改变。其他囊泡标志物，如突触素或突触素，不是以此方式调节的。 mRNA和突触蛋白水平的内源性调节控制每个囊泡中转运蛋白的数量，从而控制了被递质囊泡填充的水平。 VGLUT1和VIAAT表达的双向且与活动相反的调节将用于调节谷氨酸和GABA释放的平衡，从而调节突触后受体饱和度。在某些兴奋性神经元和突触中，会发生VGLUT1和VGLUT2的共表达。两个兴奋性囊泡转运蛋白水平的双向且相反的变化将使单个新皮层神经元能够扩大或缩小囊泡谷氨酸的贮藏水平，从而使单个突触可释放的量增加。通过选择性改变水泡谷氨酸和GABA转运蛋白的表达水平来调节水泡递质的储存和释放表明皮质突触的突触强度的稳态可塑性包括突触前元件。

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