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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >Neuroprotection conferred by astrocytes is insufficient to protect animals from succumbing to Japanese encephalitis.
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Neuroprotection conferred by astrocytes is insufficient to protect animals from succumbing to Japanese encephalitis.

机译：星形胶质细胞赋予的神经保护作用不足以保护动物免于死于日本脑炎。

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摘要

Astrocytes play a key role in regulating aspects of inflammation and in the homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of astrocytes in viral encephalitis mediated inflammation is not well documented. As Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is localized to neurons and considering the importance of astrocytes in supporting neuronal survival and function, we have exploited an experimental model of Japanese encephalitis (JE) to better understand the role of astrocytes in JE. Suckling mice pups were inoculated with the virus and 2 and 4 days later we analyzed a panel of molecules characteristic of reactive astrogliosis. We show that JEV infection increases the expression of astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and ceruloplasmin (CP). The transcript levels of growth factors produced predominantly by activated astrocytes such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neurotrophin factor (CNTF) were elevated following JEV infection. The transcript level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also elevated following JEV infection. Both NGF and CNTF were capable of preventing ROS mediated neuronal death following in vitro JEV infection to a certain extent. Taken altogether, these data indicate that increased astrogliosis following JEV infection is accompanied by the enhanced ability of astrocytes to detoxify glutamate, inactivate free radical and produce neurotrophic factors that are involved in neuronal protection. However, this elevated physiological state of astrocyte is insufficient in conferring neuroprotection, as infected animals eventually succumb to infection. The response of astrocytes to JE can be amplified to modulate the adaptive response of brain to induce neuroprotection.
机译：星形胶质细胞在调节炎症方面和中枢神经系统（CNS）的稳态维持中起关键作用。但是，星形胶质细胞在病毒性脑炎介导的炎症中的作用尚未得到充分证明。由于日本脑炎病毒（JEV）感染局限于神经元，并且考虑到星形胶质细胞在支持神经元存活和功能中的重要性，因此我们利用日本脑炎（JE）的实验模型更好地了解了星形胶质细胞在JE中的作用。给乳鼠幼崽接种病毒，第2天和第4天后，我们分析了一组反应性星形胶质增生的特征性分子。我们显示，JEV感染会增加星形胶质细胞特异性神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP），谷氨酸天冬氨酸转运蛋白（GLAST），谷氨酸转运蛋白1（GLT-1）和铜蓝蛋白（CP）的表达。 JEV感染后，主要由活化的星形胶质细胞产生的生长因子的转录水平升高，例如神经生长因子（NGF）和睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）。感染JEV后，脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的转录水平也升高。在体外JEV感染后，NGF和CNTF都能预防ROS介导的神经元死亡。总而言之，这些数据表明，JEV感染后星形胶质细胞增多，伴有星形胶质细胞对谷氨酸解毒，使自由基失活并产生神经营养因子的能力增强，这些神经营养因子参与神经元保护。但是，星形胶质细胞这种升高的生理状态不足以赋予神经保护作用，因为被感染的动物最终会屈服于感染。星形胶质细胞对JE的反应可以被放大以调节大脑的适应性反应以诱导神经保护作用。

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