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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >Nervous control of the cerebrovascular system: doubts and facts.
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Nervous control of the cerebrovascular system: doubts and facts.

机译：脑血管系统的神经控制：疑问和事实。

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Increased function of the central neurons results in increased neuronal metabolism and, as a consequence, increased concentration of metabolic end-products (H+, K+, adenosin) results in an increased cerebral blood flow (CBF). There is a general agreement among investigators that products of cerebral tissue metabolism as well as chemical stimuli are key factors that determine the rate of blood flow in the brain. CBF, however, may increase out of proportion to metabolic demands, may increase without significant change in local metabolism, and may increase much faster than the accumulation of the metabolic end-products. Therefore, the 100-year-old metabolic hypothesis of Roy and Sherrington, cannot fully explain the increases of CBF during increased functional activity of the central neurons. The tight coupling of neuronal activity and blood flow in the brain is demonstrated by a large amount of data. Therefore, the likelihood exists that neurogenic stimuli via perivascular nerve endings may act as rapid initiators, to induce a moment-to-moment dynamic adjustment of CBF to the metabolic demands, and further maintenance of these adjusted parameters is ensured by the metabolic and chemical factors. Perivascular nerve endings were identified in the outer smooth muscle layer of the cerebral arteries, arterioles and veins. Their axonterminals contain a large variety of neurotransmitters, often co-localised in synaptic vesicles. Stimulation of the nerves results in a release of transmitters into the narrow neuromuscular synaptic clefts in the cerebrovascular smooth muscle, close to specific receptor sites in the vessel wall. In spite of these facts, however, and in spite of the large number of new experimental evidences, the role of the nervous control of the cerebrovascular system is underestimated both in medical textbooks and in the common medical knowledge since decades. In the last 20 years major advances have been made that make it necessary to revise this false view. The purpose of this review is to facilitate this process at the end of this century, when the importance of the nervous control of the cerebral circulation has been fully appreciated among investigators.
机译：中枢神经元功能的增强导致神经元代谢的增强，结果，代谢终产物（H +，K +，腺苷）的浓度升高导致脑血流量（CBF）增加。研究人员之间普遍达成共识，即大脑组织代谢产物和化学刺激物是决定大脑血流速度的关键因素。但是，CBF可能与代谢需求不成比例地增加，可能在局部代谢没有明显变化的情况下增加，并且可能比代谢终产物的积累快得多。因此，Roy和Sherrington已有100年历史的代谢假说无法完全解释中枢神经元功能活动增加时CBF的增加。大量数据证明了神经元活动和大脑中的血流紧密耦合。因此，存在这样的可能性，即通过血管周围神经末梢的神经源性刺激可能充当快速的引发剂，以诱导CBF瞬间动态调整以适应代谢需求，并且通过代谢和化学因素确保进一步维持这些调整后的参数。在脑动脉，小动脉和静脉的外部平滑肌层中发现了血管周围神经末梢。它们的轴突末端包含多种神经递质，通常共定位于突触小泡中。对神经的刺激导致递质释放到脑血管平滑肌中狭窄的神经肌肉突触裂缝中，接近血管壁的特定受体部位。尽管有这些事实，并且尽管有大量新的实验证据，但数十年来，医学教科书和普通医学知识都低估了脑血管系统神经控制的作用。在过去的20年中，已经取得了重大进展，因此有必要修改这种错误的看法。这篇综述的目的是在本世纪末推动这一过程，当时研究人员已经充分意识到了控制神经循环的重要性。

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