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The progress of emergency response and rescue in China: a comparative analysis of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes

机译：中国应急响应与救援进展：汶川地震与庐山地震的比较分析

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摘要

Earthquake emergency response and rescue (ERR) is a global challenge, but especially in developing countries. As a large earthquake-prone developing country, China's experiences and lessons in ERR can provide a useful reference for other developing countries. In this article, China's ERR progress is summarized by comparatively analyzing the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes, two major recent earthquake events in Sichuan Province. From a comprehensive investigation of the research, it can be concluded that emergency response speed, inter-organizational coordination, and relief resource mobilization are the three critical ERR indicators which can be further subdivided into sixteen sub-indicators. Using these indicators, the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake ERR processes were comprehensively compared based on data collected from observations and interviews. The results showed that the response and rescue efforts at the Lushan earthquake were faster, more coordinated, and more orderly than those at the Wenchuan earthquake. In addition, the unified earthquake ERR system, the people-oriented principle, and the information disclosure mechanism were examined, which also revealed several major shortcomings, such as deficits in the adaptability to relief technologies, the lack of coordination between rescue organizations, and the lack of capabilities in the local communities. Finally, several recommendations are given for the practical improvement of and future research into the establishment of an effective ERR
机译：地震应急响应和救援（ERR）是一项全球挑战，但在发展中国家尤其如此。作为一个地震多发的发展中国家，中国在ERR方面的经验教训可以为其他发展中国家提供有益的参考。通过对汶川地震和庐山地震这两个四川最近发生的重大地震事件进行比较分析，总结了中国的ERR进展。通过对研究的全面调查，可以得出结论，应急响应速度，组织间的协调和救济资源的调动是三个重要的ERR指标，可以进一步细分为16个子指标。使用这些指标，基于从观察和访谈中收集的数据，对汶川和庐山地震的ERR过程进行了全面比较。结果表明，与汶川地震相比，庐山地震的响应和救援工作更快，更协调，更有序。此外，还研究了统一的地震ERR系统，以人为本的原则和信息公开机制，还发现了一些主要缺陷，例如对救灾技术的适应性不足，救援组织之间缺乏协调，以及救灾机构之间的协调。当地社区缺乏能力。最后，针对建立有效ERR的实践改进和未来研究提出了一些建议。

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