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Myelin sheaths are formed with proteins that originated in vertebrate lineages

机译：髓鞘由起源于脊椎动物谱系的蛋白质形成

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All vertebrate nervous systems, except those of agnathans, make extensive use of the myelinated fiber, astructure formed by coordinated interplay between neuronal axons and glial cells. Myelinated fibers, by enhancing the speed and efficiency of nerve cell communication allowed gnathostomes to evolve extensively, forming a broad range of diverse lifestyles in most habitable environments. The axon-covering myelin sheaths are structurally and biochemically novel as they contain high portions of lipid and a few prominent low molecular weight proteins often considered unique to myelin. Here we searched genome and EST databases to identify orthologs and paralogs of the following myelin-related proteins: (1) myelin basic protein (MBP), (2) myelin protein zero (MPZ, formerly Po), (3) proteolipid protein (PLR1, formerly PLP), (4) peripheral myelin protein-2 (PMP2, formerly P2), (5) peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) and (6) stathmin- (STMNi). Although widely distributed in gnathostome/vertebrate genomes, neither MBP nor MPZ are present in any of nine invertebrate genomes examined. PLP 1, which replaced MPZ in tetrapod CNS myelin sheaths, includes a novel tetrapod-specific' exon (see also Mobius et aL, 2009). Like PLP1, PMP2 first appears in tetrapods and like PLR' its origins can be traced to invertebrate paralogs. PMP22, with origins in agnathans, and STMNi with origins in protostomes, existed well before the evolution of gnathostomes. The coordinated appearance of MBP and MPZ with myelin sheaths and of PLP1 with tetrapod CNS myelin suggests interdependence - new proteins giving rise to novel vertebrate structures.
机译：除无脊椎动物的神经系统外，所有脊椎动物的神经系统都广泛使用有髓纤维，这种结构是由神经元轴突和神经胶质细胞之间相互作用的相互作用形成的。有髓纤维通过提高神经细胞通讯的速度和效率，使鼻吻动物得以广泛进化，从而在大多数宜居环境中形成了多种多样的生活方式。覆盖轴突的髓鞘在结构和生化上是新颖的，因为它们含有大量的脂质和一些通常被认为是髓鞘独特的突出的低分子量蛋白质。在这里，我们搜索了基因组和EST数据库，以确定以下髓磷脂相关蛋白的直系同源物和旁系同源物：（1）髓磷脂碱性蛋白（MBP），（2）髓磷脂蛋白零（MPZ，以前称为Po），（3）蛋白脂蛋白（PLR1 ，以前称为PLP），（4）外周髓磷脂蛋白2（PMP2，以前称为P2），（5）外周髓磷脂蛋白22（PMP22）和（6）athmin-（STMNi）。尽管广泛分布在gnathostome /脊椎动物的基因组中，但在所检查的九个无脊椎动物基因组中，MBP和MPZ均不存在。 PLP 1取代了四足动物CNS髓鞘中的MPZ，包括一个新颖的四足动物特异性外显子（另见Mobius等，2009）。像PLP1一样，PMP2首先出现在四足动物中，就像PLR'一样，其起源可以追溯到无脊椎动物旁系同源物。 PMP22起源于agnathans，而STMNi起源于protostomes，在nasthostomes进化之前就已经存在。具有髓鞘的MBP和MPZ以及具有四足动物CNS髓磷脂的PLP1的协调出现提示了相互依赖性-新蛋白质产生了新颖的脊椎动物结构。

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