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Bacterial tyrosinases: old enzymes with new relevance to biotechnology

机译：细菌酪氨酸酶：与生物技术有关的旧酶

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摘要

Tyrosinases are copper-containing dioxygen activating enzymes found in many species of bacteria and are usually associated with melanin production. These proteins have a strong preference for phenolic and diphenolic substrates and are somewhat limited in their reaction scope, always producing an activated quinone as product. Despite this fact they have potential in several biotechnological applications, including the production of novel mixed melanins, protein cross-linking, phenolic biosensors, production of L-DOPA, phenol and dye removal and biocatalysis. Although most studies have used Streptomyces sp. enzymes, there are several other examples of these proteins that are also of potential interest. For instance a solvent tolerant enzyme has been described, as well as an enzyme with both tyrosinase and laccase activities, enzymes with altered substrate preferences, an enzyme produced as an inactive zymogen as well as examples which do not require auxiliary proteins for copper insertion (unlike the Streptomyces sp. enzymes which do require such a protein). This article will summarise the reports on the biotechnological applications of bacterial tyrosinases as well as the current information available on the different types of this enzyme.
机译：酪氨酸酶是在许多细菌物种中发现的含铜双氧激活酶，通常与黑色素的产生有关。这些蛋白质对酚和二酚底物有强烈的偏爱，并且它们的反应范围受到一定限制，总是产生活化的醌产物。尽管如此，它们在多种生物技术应用中仍具有潜力，包括新型混合黑色素的生产，蛋白质交联，酚类生物传感器，L-DOPA的生产，苯酚和染料的去除以及生物催化。虽然大多数研究都使用链霉菌。酶，还有这些蛋白质的其他几个例子，也可能引起人们的兴趣。例如，已经描述了耐溶剂酶，以及具有酪氨酸酶和漆酶活性的酶，具有改变的底物偏好的酶，作为无活性酶原产生的酶以及不需要用于插入铜的辅助蛋白的实例（与（确实需要这种蛋白质的链霉菌种酶）。本文将总结有关细菌酪氨酸酶生物技术应用的报道，以及有关该酶不同类型的最新信息。

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