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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >Effects of phonological and semantic deficits on facilitative and inhibitory consequences of item repetition in spoken word comprehension
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Effects of phonological and semantic deficits on facilitative and inhibitory consequences of item repetition in spoken word comprehension

机译：语音和语义缺陷对口语理解中项目重复的促进和抑制后果的影响

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摘要

Repeating a word can have both facilitative and inhibitory effects on subsequent processing. The present study investigated these dynamics by examining the facilitative and inhibitory consequences of different kinds of item repetition in two individuals with aphasia and a group of neurologically intact control participants. The two individuals with aphasia were matched on overall aphasia severity, but had deficits at different levels of processing: one with a phonological deficit and spared semantic processing, the other with a semantic deficit and spared phonological processing. Participants completed a spoken word-to-picture matching task in which they had to pick which of four object images matched the spoken word. The trials were grouped into pairs such that exactly two objects from the first trial in a pair were present on screen during the second trial in the pair. When the second trial's target was the same as the first trial's target, compared to control participants, both participants with aphasia exhibited equally larger repetition priming effects. When the second trial's target was one of the new items, the participant with a phonological deficit exhibited a significantly more negative effect (i.e., second trial response slower than first trial response) than the control participants and the participant with a semantic deficit. Simulations of a computational model confirmed that this pattern of results could arise from (1) normal residual activation being functionally more significant when overall lexical processing is slower and (2) residual phonological activation of the previous trial's target having a particularly strong inhibitory effect specifically when phonological processing is impaired because the task was phonologically-driven (the spoken input specified the target). These results provide new insights into perseveration errors and lexical access deficits in aphasia.
机译：重复一个单词对后续处理既有促进作用又有抑制作用。本研究通过检查两个失语症个体和一组神经功能完好的对照参与者的不同重复项的促进和抑制作用，研究了这些动力学。失语症的两个个体在总体失语症严重程度上相匹配，但是在不同的加工水平上存在缺陷：一个人的语音缺陷和多余的语义加工，另一个人的语义缺陷和多余的语音加工。参与者完成了语音对图片的匹配任务，其中他们必须选择四个对象图像中哪个与语音相匹配。将试验分成几对，以便在该对中的第二次试验期间，屏幕上准确显示一对中第一次试验的两个对象。当第二项试验的目标与第一项试验的目标相同时，与对照组相比，两名失语症参与者表现出同样更大的重复启动效应。当第二个试验的目标是新项目之一时，语音缺陷的参与者表现出比对照参与者和语义缺陷的参与者显着更大的负面影响（即第二个试验响应比第一个试验响应慢）。计算模型的仿真证实，这种结果模式可能是由于（1）当整体词法处理较慢时正常的残余激活在功能上更为重要，以及（2）先前试验目标的残余语音激活在抑制作用方面特别强。因为该任务是由语音驱动的（语音输入指定了目标），所以语音处理受到损害。这些结果提供了对失语症中持续性错误和词汇访问障碍的新见解。

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