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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >Prototype learning and dissociable categorization systems in alzheimer's disease
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Prototype learning and dissociable categorization systems in alzheimer's disease

机译：阿尔茨海默氏病的原型学习和可分离分类系统

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Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that prototype learning may be mediated by at least two dissociable memory systems depending on the mode of acquisition, with A/Not-A prototype learning dependent upon a perceptual representation system located within posterior visual cortex and A/B prototype learning dependent upon a declarative memory system associated with medial temporal and frontal regions. The degree to which patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can acquire new categorical information may therefore critically depend upon the mode of acquisition. The present study examined A/Not-A and A/B prototype learning in AD patients using procedures that allowed direct comparison of learning across tasks. Despite impaired explicit recall of category features in all tasks, patients showed differential patterns of category acquisition across tasks. First, AD patients demonstrated impaired prototype induction along with intact exemplar classification under incidental A/Not-A conditions, suggesting that the loss of functional connectivity within visual cortical areas disrupted the integration processes supporting prototype induction within the perceptual representation system. Second, AD patients demonstrated intact prototype induction but impaired exemplar classification during A/B learning under observational conditions, suggesting that this form of prototype learning is dependent on a declarative memory system that is disrupted in AD. Third, the surprisingly intact classification of both prototypes and exemplars during A/B learning under trial-and-error feedback conditions suggests that AD patients shifted control from their deficient declarative memory system to a feedback-dependent procedural memory system when training conditions allowed. Taken together, these findings serve to not only increase our understanding of category learning in AD, but to also provide new insights into the ways in which different memory systems interact to support the acquisition of categorical knowledge.
机译：最近的神经影像学研究表明，原型学习可能由至少两个可分离的记忆系统介导，具体取决于获取方式，其中A / Not-A原型学习取决于位于后视觉皮层内的感知表示系统，而A / B原型学习取决于在与内侧颞叶和额叶区域相关的声明性记忆系统上。因此，患有阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的患者可以获取新的分类信息的程度可能会严重取决于获取方式。本研究使用允许直接比较跨任务学习的程序检查了AD患者的A / Not-A和A / B原型学习。尽管在所有任务中明确回忆了类别特征，但患者仍表现出跨任务类别获取的不同模式。首先，AD患者在偶然的A / Not-A条件下展示了原型诱导受损以及完整的示例分类，这表明视觉皮层区域内功能连通性的丧失破坏了在感知表示系统内支持原型诱导的整合过程。其次，AD患者在观察条件下的A / B学习过程中表现出完整的原型诱导能力，但示例分类受到损害，这表明原型学习的这种形式取决于在AD中被破坏的声明性记忆系统。第三，在反复试验的反馈条件下，A / B学习过程中原型和样例的惊人完整分类表明，在训练条件允许的情况下，AD患者将控制权从他们缺乏的陈述式记忆系统转移到了依赖反馈的程序记忆系统。综上所述，这些发现不仅有助于增加我们对AD中类别学习的理解，而且还提供了对不同存储系统进行交互以支持获取类别知识的方式的新见解。

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