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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >Slow perceptual processing at the core of developmental dyslexia: a parameter-based assessment of visual attention.
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Slow perceptual processing at the core of developmental dyslexia: a parameter-based assessment of visual attention.

机译：缓慢的知觉处理是发育障碍的核心：基于参数的视觉注意力评估。

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摘要

The cognitive causes as well as the neurological and genetic basis of developmental dyslexia, a complex disorder of written language acquisition, are intensely discussed with regard to multiple-deficit models. Accumulating evidence has revealed dyslexics' impairments in a variety of tasks requiring visual attention. The heterogeneity of these experimental results, however, points to the need for measures that are sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between impaired and preserved attentional components within a unified framework. This first parameter-based group study of attentional components in developmental dyslexia addresses potentially altered attentional components that have recently been associated with parietal dysfunctions in dyslexia. We aimed to isolate the general attentional resources that might underlie reduced span performance, i.e., either a deficient working memory storage capacity, or a slowing in visual perceptual processing speed, or both. Furthermore, by analysing attentional selectivity in dyslexia, we addressed a potential lateralized abnormality of visual attention, i.e., a previously suggested rightward spatial deviation compared to normal readers. We investigated a group of high-achieving young adults with persisting dyslexia and matched normal readers in an experimental whole report and a partial report of briefly presented letter arrays. Possible deviations in the parametric values of the dyslexic compared to the control group were taken as markers for the underlying deficit. The dyslexic group showed a striking reduction in perceptual processing speed (by 26% compared to controls) while their working memory storage capacity was in the normal range. In addition, a spatial deviation of attentional weighting compared to the control group was confirmed in dyslexic readers, which was larger in participants with a more severe dyslexic disorder. In general, the present study supports the relevance of perceptual processing speed in disorders of written language acquisition and demonstrates that the parametric assessment provides a suitable tool for specifying the underlying deficit within a unitary framework.
机译：关于多动症模型，广泛讨论了发展性阅读障碍（一种书面语言习得的复杂障碍）的认知原因以及神经和遗传基础。越来越多的证据表明，在需要视觉注意的各种任务中阅读障碍症的损害。然而，这些实验结果的异质性表明需要采取足够敏感的措施，以在统一框架内区分受损和保留的注意力成分。这项关于发展性阅读障碍的注意力成分的首次基于参数的小组研究解决了潜在改变的注意力成分，这些注意力成分最近与阅读障碍的顶叶功能障碍有关。我们的目标是隔离可能引起跨度性能降低的一般注意力资源，即工作内存存储容量不足或视觉感知处理速度降低或两者兼而有之。此外，通过分析阅读障碍中的注意选择性，我们解决了视觉注意的潜在侧化异常，即与正常读者相比先前建议的向右空间偏差。我们在实验性整体报告和简要介绍字母排列的部分报告中，调查了一群患有持续阅读障碍的高成就年轻人，并与正常读者匹配。与对照组相比，阅读障碍者的参数值可能存在偏差，以此作为潜在缺陷的标志。当他们的工作记忆存储容量在正常范围内时，阅读困难的组显示出感知处理速度的显着降低（与对照组相比降低了26％）。另外，在阅读障碍的读者中，注意权重的空间偏差与对照组相比得到了确认，在患有严重阅读障碍的参与者中，这一偏差更大。总的来说，本研究支持在语言习得障碍中知觉处理速度的相关性，并证明参数评估提供了一个合适的工具，可以在统一框架内确定潜在的缺陷。

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