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首页> 外文期刊>Nordic journal of psychiatry. >Flunitrazepam intake in male offenders
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Flunitrazepam intake in male offenders

机译：男性犯罪者的氟硝西intake摄入量

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The abuse of flunitrazepam (FZ) compounds is worldwide, and several studies have reflected on the consequences with regard to violence, aggression and criminal lifestyle of FZ users. Criminals take high doses of FZ or some other benzodiazepines to "calm down" before the planned crime. There is support from earlier studies that most likely, all benzodiazepines may increase aggression in vulnerable males. Chronic intake of high doses of FZ increases aggression in male rats. Because psychopathy involves aggression, we have examined whether psychopathy as well as any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial) are related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ. We have also examined the relationship between each PCL-R item and FZ use. Participants were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Substance use, including FZ, was not more common in those who scored high in psychopathy. Use of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% CI 1.86-9.94). Only one of the PCL-R items, "Criminal versatility", was significantly associated with FZ use (odds ratio = 3.7). It may be concluded that intake of FZ has a specific relationship to only one of the facets and not to psychopathy per se. The findings have also important theoretical implications because Facet 4 is not a key factor of the construct of psychopathy. Clinical implications of the article: We have used the new two-factor and four-facet theoretical model of psychopathy in the young offender population, many of them with one or more substance use disorders. The present results suggest that antisocial behavior defined by Facet 4 (poor behavioral control, early behavior problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release and criminal versatility) in the studied subjects is more typical for FZ users than it is for non-FZ users. This may have implications for assessment and treatment. Clinicians should be aware that criminals with high scores on Facet 4 have a more than fourfold odds of being a FZ user. This conclusion has an important clinical implication because FZ abuse is very common and is not always the focus of a forensic psychiatric assessment.
机译：氟硝西epa（FZ）化合物的滥用在全球范围内，并且一些研究已经反映了FZ使用者在暴力，侵略和犯罪生活方式方面的后果。犯罪分子在计划犯罪之前服用高剂量的FZ或其他苯二氮卓类药物以“镇定下来”。较早的研究表明，所有苯二氮卓类药物很可能会增加脆弱男性的攻击性。长期摄入高剂量的FZ会增加雄性大鼠的攻击性。由于精神病涉及侵略性，因此我们研究了精神病以及“精神病学检查清单修订版”（PCL-R）的四个方面（人际，情感，生活方式和反社会）是否与不同的物质使用障碍相关，重点是FZ。我们还检查了每个PCL-R项目与FZ使用之间的关系。参与者为114名年龄在14-35岁之间的男性罪犯，所有这些人均因犯有严重的暴力犯罪而被定罪。在精神病评分较高的人群中，包括FZ在内的物质使用并不普遍。在PCL-R方面4（反社会）得分较高的犯罪者中使用FZ更为常见（赔率= 4.30，95％CI 1.86-9.94）。只有PCL-R项目之一“犯罪多功能”与FZ的使用显着相关（优势比= 3.7）。可以得出结论，摄入FZ仅与其中一个方面有特定的关系，而与精神疾病本身没有特定的关系。该发现也具有重要的理论意义，因为方面4不是造成精神病的关键因素。文章的临床意义：我们在青少年犯罪人群中使用了新的两因素和四方面心理疾病理论模型，其中许多患有一种或多种药物滥用疾病。目前的结果表明，在研究对象中，由Facet 4定义的反社会行为（不良行为控制，早期行为问题，青少年犯罪，有条件释放的撤销和犯罪多才多艺）比非FZ用户更为典型。这可能会对评估和治疗产生影响。临床医生应该意识到，在Facet 4上得分高的罪犯拥有FZ用户的几率要高出四倍。该结论具有重要的临床意义，因为FZ滥用非常普遍，而且并非法医精神病学评估的重点。

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