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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Holocene sediment budgets for upland catchments: The problem of soilscape model and data availability
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Holocene sediment budgets for upland catchments: The problem of soilscape model and data availability

机译：山地流域全新世沉积物预算：土壤景观模型和数据可用性问题

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摘要

This study presents a Holocene sediment budget for the upland catchment of the Speyerbach in the Palatinate Forest, southwestern Germany. The influences of both, data availability and the choice of an appropriate soilscape model on the sediment budgetcalculations are investigated. For budget calculations the spatial distribution of soils was derived from the soil map 1:50,000. Thickness values of soil truncation and colluvial burial were extracted from two soil data sets with varying information content. Data processing contained a disaggregation of the soil map with the help of land use data. In order to model the sediment budget a reference soil thickness (a so-called soilscape model), which represents the initial conditions is necessary. As upland soils are developed in periglacial solifluction sheets, the main solifluction sheet (MSS, "Hauptlage") showing a constant thickness and being affected by soil forming processes was chosen. Determining the initial thickness of the MSS is a crucial point, as a comparison of reference values shows. The literature values are actual thicknesses and differ significantly between 30 and 100 cm among various studies. Therefore a statistical model using the local profile descriptions of the soil database for the Speyerbach catchment was set up. We found that the 95 percentile worked best to extract the depths of pristine soils. Hence, a pristine soil profile depth of 60 or 70 cm could be extracted for the Speyerbach catchment Calculating the sediment budget for 60 cm returns a sediment delivery rate (SDR) of 64.8%. With a soilscape model of 70 cm a catchment SDR of 83.2% can be derived, which is 18.4% higher than the first one. The computed SDR is twice as high as the SDR determined by Houben et al. (Houben,P., Burggraaf, P., Hoffmann, T., Kleefeld, K., Zimmermann, A., Dikau, R., 2007. Reconstructing Holocene land-use change and sediment budgets in the Rhine system. PAGES News 15 (1), 17-18.] and Rommens et al. [Rommens, T., Verstraeten, G., Poesen, J., Govers, G., Van Rompaey, A.J.J., Peeters, I,, Lang, A., 2005. Soil erosion and sediment deposition in the Belgian loess belt during the Holocene: establishing a sediment budget for a small agricultural catchment. The Holocene 15 (7), 1032-1043.]. This mayreflect differences in physio-geographical settings and settlement history between a loess covered basin catchment and a deeply furrowed upland catchment. Since no datings or proxy data are available, the classification to individual settlement periods and furthermore an estimation of human impact is not possible yet. Future work will address the estimation of human impact by the analysis of historical data and datings of colluvial layers as well as a field validation of the computed sediment budgets.
机译：这项研究提出了德国西南部普法尔茨森林中Speyerbach山地集水区的全新世沉积物预算。研究了数据可用性和合适的土壤景观模型的选择对沉积物预算计算的影响。为了进行预算计算，土壤的空间分布来自土壤图1：50,000。从具有不同信息内容的两个土壤数据集中提取了土壤截断和洞穴掩埋的厚度值。数据处理包括在土地利用数据的帮助下对土壤图的分解。为了模拟沉积物预算，需要一个代表初始条件的参考土壤厚度（所谓的“土壤景观模型”）。由于在沿冰川融化层中发育了旱地土壤，因此选择了显示厚度恒定且受土壤形成过程影响的主要融化层（MSS，“ Hauptlage”）。如参考值的比较所示，确定MSS的初始厚度是关键。文献中的值是实际厚度，在各种研究中30至100 cm之间存在显着差异。因此，建立了使用Speyerbach流域土壤数据库的局部剖面描述的统计模型。我们发现95％百分数最适合提取原始土壤的深度。因此，可以为施派尔巴赫流域提取60或70 cm的原始土壤剖面深度。计算60 cm的沉积物收支，得出的沉积物输送率（SDR）为64.8％。使用70厘米的土壤景观模型，可以得出83.2％的流域SDR，比第一个高18.4％。计算得出的SDR是Houben等人确定的SDR的两倍。 （Houben，P.，Burggraaf，P.，Hoffmann，T.，Kleefeld，K.，Zimmermann，A.，Dikau，R.，2007。在莱茵河系统中重建全新世土地利用变化和沉积物预算。PAGESNews 15 （1），17-18。]和Rommens等[Rommens，T.，Verstraeten，G.，Poesen，J.，Govers，G.，Van Rompaey，AJJ，Peeters，I ,, Lang，A.，（17）。 2005.全新世时期比利时黄土带的水土流失和沉积物沉积：为小型农业流域建立沉积物预算，全新世15（7），1032-1043。]，这可能反映了自然地理环境和定居历史的差异。在没有黄土覆盖的流域集水区和深陷的山地集水区之间，由于没有可用的日期或代理数据，因此无法对各个定居期进行分类，而且还无法对人为影响进行估算。冲积层历史数据和测年分析以及计算机的现场验证ed沉积物预算。

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