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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Microrelief induced by tillage: measurement and modelling of Surface Storage Capacity
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Microrelief induced by tillage: measurement and modelling of Surface Storage Capacity

机译：耕作引起的微浮雕：表面储水量的测量和建模

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The micro-topography of a groundnut plot in Senegal has been recorded over a full cultivation cycle, using an automated device able to measure 16.2 m(2) at every 5 cm with an accuracy of I mm. Tillage is horse drawn, perpendicular to the general slope, and generates oriented microreliefs. Surface Storage Capacity (SSC) was calculated on both raw and slope-detrended surfaces. Additionally, various boundary conditions (BC) were used: no-wall; three-wall (up, left and right); or mirror (the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) surrounded by eight alternately reversed images of itself). SSC is more affected by these variants than by the variations of microrelief itself. Whatever the calculation method, SSC (as well as random roughness), follows a decreasing exponential with cumulated rainfall, but the coefficients of the exponential differ widely to each other. This suggests that SSC values could be of little use when they are obtained on various slopes, arbitrarily detrended or not, and calculated with arbitrary BC. We suggest a simple geometric model to characterise the way microrelief empties as the slope increases. The model has two calibrated depth-ratio parameters, one in each direction. It gives a more coherent framework for calculation and use of SSC. The model was applied to one of the DEMs of the data set, sampled after the first rain following hoeing. With the mirror-BC and detrended slope, SSC was 3.6 min. Microrelief was found to behave in the same proportions, when tilted, than a tetrahedral container 94 times wider than deeper in the tillage direction and 11 times perpendicularly. This model represents the volume of surface water that cannot flow in any direction. With three-wall-BC, SSC was 6.7 mm, 1.4 mm remaining on the plot whatever the slope angle, and 5.3 turn behaving the same as a container 69 times wider than deeper. A possible use of this model is illustrated with an attempt to upscale the sampled plot to the watershed to which it belongs.
机译：塞内加尔花生情节的微地形已记录在整个耕作周期中，使用能够在每5 cm处以1 mm的精度测量16.2 m（2）的自动化设备。耕作是拉马的，垂直于总坡度，并产生定向的微浮雕。在原始表面和倾斜的表面上都计算了表面存储容量（SSC）。此外，还使用了各种边界条件（BC）：无墙;三层墙（上，左，右）;或镜像（数字高程模型（DEM）自身被八幅交替倒置的图像包围）。与微浮雕本身的变化相比，SSC受这些变化的影响更大。无论采用哪种计算方法，SSC（以及随机粗糙度）都随着降雨的累积而遵循指数递减的趋势，但是指数的系数彼此差异很大。这表明，当在各种斜率上获得SSC值（无论是否随意趋势化）并使用任意BC计算时，SSC值几乎没有用。我们建议使用一个简单的几何模型来描述随着坡度的增加微浮雕清空的方式。该模型具有两个校准的深度比参数，每个方向一个。它为SSC的计算和使用提供了更加一致的框架。该模型被应用于数据集的一个DEM，该数据集是在ing后第一次下雨后采样的。在镜面BC和倾斜趋势下，SSC为3.6分钟。发现微倾斜在倾斜时的行为与四面体容器的比例相同，四面体容器在耕作方向上的深度比在耕作方向上的深度深94倍，在垂直方向上比深度深11倍。该模型表示不能沿任何方向流动的地表水量。使用三壁BC时，SSC为6.7毫米，无论倾斜角度如何，地块上均保留1.4毫米，并且5.3匝的行为与容器相同，比深容器宽69倍。举例说明了该模型的可能用途，并尝试将采样图放大到它所属的分水岭。

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