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首页> 外文期刊>Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B. Livestock Feeds and Feeding >Chromium nutrition of livestock species
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Chromium nutrition of livestock species

机译：牲畜铬营养

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Chromium has received much attention in nutrition research following the elucidation of its role in metabolism. The Cr content of foods and ability to augment the action of insulin are highly variable. In general, Cr from brewers' yeast, meat and kidney, and unrefined grains has high biological activity. Chromium absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine. Carried in the blood bound to plasma proteins, it is transferred to tissues via transferrin. Inorganic forms are mostly excreted via the faeces, whereas organic forms are excreted mainly via the urine. Chromium is an essential mineral for humans and laboratory animals, but not for livestock animals. Chromium is a part of the glucose tolerance factor and chromodulin. The trophic effect of Cr is to enhance communication between insulin and its receptors located on the cell membrane of insulin-sensitive tissues by increasing membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalisation. High carbohydrate intake, aging, stress, pregnancy, lactation, acute exercise, and obesity cause Cr depletion and increase demand. In addition to diabetes, Cr deficiency in laboratory animals is characterized by corneal opacities, decreased survival rate, decreased growth rate, and reduced longevity and reproductive efficiency that may be pertinent to livestock production. Livestock are supplemented with Cr to alleviate stress, enhance their immune and metabolic status, and improve performance and food quality. A reduction in adverse effects of stress and enhancementof metabolic status are consistent responses to Cr supplementation; improvements in performance and food quality parameters and enhancement of immune potency, however, are not.
机译：阐明了铬在新陈代谢中的作用后，它在营养研究中受到了广泛关注。食物中的铬含量和增强胰岛素作用的能力差异很大。通常，来自啤酒酵母，肉和肾脏以及未精制谷物的铬具有很高的生物活性。铬吸收主要发生在小肠中。血液与血浆蛋白结合后，通过运铁蛋白转移到组织中。无机物主要通过粪便排出，而有机物主要通过尿液排出。铬是人类和实验动物的必需矿物质，但不是牲畜的必需矿物质。铬是葡萄糖耐量因子和染色质的一部分。 Cr的营养作用是通过增加膜的流动性和胰岛素内在化的速度来增强胰岛素及其位于胰岛素敏感性组织细胞膜上的受体之间的通讯。高碳水化合物摄入，衰老，压力，怀孕，哺乳，剧烈运动和肥胖会导致Cr消耗并增加需求。除糖尿病外，实验动物体内的铬缺乏症还具有角膜混浊，存活率降低，生长速率降低以及与牲畜生产有关的寿命和生殖效率降低的特点。畜牧中补充了铬以减轻压力，增强其免疫和代谢状态，并改善性能和食品质量。减少压力的不利影响和改善代谢状态是对补充铬的一致反应;然而，性能和食品质量参数的改善以及免疫效力的增强却没有。

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