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Cognitive test performance and brain pathology.

机译：认知测试表现和脑病理学。

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BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment, assessed using paper-and-pencil tests, occurs with multiple syndromes, including heart failure; however, relationships between test performance and brain injury are unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of brain injury assessed by magnetic resonance T2 relaxometry procedures in a mixed sample with cognitive impairment as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trailmaking Test parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), and the Watson Clock-Drawing Test (CDT). METHODS: A comparative design was used with a convenience sample of 66 participants (age 48.2 +/- 8.4 years, 41 males, 52 right-handed). Normal and abnormal performances on cognitive tests were compared using T2 relaxation values across the brain (p < .005). Fifty-four of the participants were healthy, and 12 had heart failure (New York Heart Association classes II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction <0.40). RESULTS: All participants scored normally on the Mini-Mental State Examination; thus, this test was excluded from further analysis. Abnormal cognitive scores were found in 14-20% of the participants, with significant brain injury appearing in participants with abnormal test scores. Injured structures included frontal, temporal, parietal, insular, and cingulate cortices; corpus callosum; and caudate. The CDT results showed the greatest extent of structural injury. The TMT-A test demonstrated relationships to specific injury sites, whereas the TMT-B showed relationships only to isolated areas of damage. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that paper-and-pencil cognitive tests relate to injury in brain structures, with CDT values relating to the greatest extent of injury. Specific damage sites may correlate with unique tests, such as TMT-A. Specialized tests should be developed that would indicate neural injury in specific areas.
机译：背景：使用纸笔测试评估的认知障碍发生于多种综合征，包括心力衰竭;但是，测试性能与脑损伤之间的关系尚不清楚。目的：为了确定由认知功能受损的混合样本通过磁共振T2弛豫法评估的脑损伤程度，该样本由最小精神状态检查，Trailmaking测试部分A（TMT-A）和B（TMT-B）测量，和Watson Clock-Drawing Test（CDT）。方法：采用比较设计，对66名参与者（年龄48.2 +/- 8.4岁，男性41位，右撇子52位）的便利性样本进行了研究。使用大脑中的T2松弛值比较了认知测试的正常和异常表现（p <.005）。 54名参与者健康，其中12名患有心力衰竭（纽约心脏协会II-III级，左心室射血分数<0.40）。结果：所有参与者在小精神状态考试中的得分均正常;因此，该测试被排除在进一步分析之外。在14-20％的参与者中发现认知得分异常，在具有异常测试分数的参与者中出现严重的脑损伤。受伤的结构包括额叶，颞叶，顶叶，岛状和扣带状皮层;胼胝体;并尾状。 CDT结果显示了最大程度的结构损伤。 TMT-A测试表明与特定损伤部位的关系，而TMT-B仅显示与单个损伤部位的关系。讨论：研究结果表明，纸笔认知测试与脑结构损伤有关，而CDT值与最大程度的损伤有关。特定的损坏部位可能与独特的测试（例如TMT-A）相关。应该开发专门的测试来表明特定区域的神经损伤。

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