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首页> 外文期刊>Landscape and Urban Planning >Beyond on-site mitigation: an integrated, multi-scale approach to environmental mitigation and stewardship for transportation projects.
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Beyond on-site mitigation: an integrated, multi-scale approach to environmental mitigation and stewardship for transportation projects.

机译：除现场缓解措施外：交通项目的环境缓解和管理的综合，多尺度方法。

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摘要

Federal, state, and local governments construct thousands of kilometers of roads each year in the U.S.A., as well as undertaking widening, rerouting or repair projects. Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), environmental impacts from such construction must be offset by mitigation measures (e.g., stream or wetland restoration). Unfortunately, restoration projects often are opportunistic, do not consider a broad landscape context, and have a low benefit-cost ratio. In 2007, the Maryland State Highway Administration asked The Conservation Fund, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to help identify and evaluate natural resource stewardship opportunities in four Maryland watersheds that could potentially be affected by construction of a highway bypass. Stewardship activities, including conservation, restoration, or management of natural resources, would go above and beyond required mitigation. After soliciting feedback from stakeholders and reviewing pertinent literature, we modeled and validated a conservation network of high-quality wildlife and plant habitat (core areas), large contiguous natural areas (hubs), and linkages to facilitate wildlife movement and gene flow (corridors). We then ranked elements of this network at multiple scales, and identified high priority areas for conservation and restoration. Finally, we developed and tested protocols for field assessment and benefit-cost optimization. We hope that this approach can be adapted and improved by highway agencies and other entities for environmental planning and protection, and have a report available upon request with full details.
机译：联邦，州和地方政府每年在美国修建数千公里的道路，并进行拓宽，改线或维修项目。根据《国家环境政策法案》（NEPA），必须通过缓解措施（例如溪流或湿地恢复）来抵消此类建筑的环境影响。不幸的是，恢复项目通常是机会性的，没有考虑广泛的景观背景，并且收益成本比很低。 2007年，马里兰州公路管理局要求自然保护基金，马里兰州自然资源部和美国鱼类与野生动物服务局帮助识别和评估四个可能受到公路建设影响的马里兰州流域的自然资源管理机会旁路。管理活动，包括自然资源的保护，恢复或管理，将超出要求的缓解范围。在征询了利益相关者的反馈并审查了相关文献之后，我们对高质量的野生动植物和植物栖息地（核心区域），大型连续自然区域（枢纽）以及促进野生动植物移动和基因流动的联系进行了建模和验证（走廊） 。然后，我们对该网络的各个要素进行了不同程度的排名，并确定了需要优先保护和恢复的领域。最后，我们开发并测试了用于现场评估和效益成本优化的协议。我们希望高速公路机构和其他实体可以对这种方法进行调整和改进，以进行环境规划和保护，并应要求提供详细的报告。

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